GTJT  TAG'S 

F O R E I G N C U R R ENCY 
AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


CHARLES  D.  WHEELER, 
DERBY,  CONN. 


GUTTAG’S 

FOREIGN  CURRENCY 
AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


W.  C.  SANDERS 

NUMISMATIST 
608  Dixwell  Ave. 

Tel.  8-4882  New  Haven,  Conn. 


PUBLISHED  BY 

Guttag  Bros. 

FOREIGN  MONEY  AND  EXCHANGE 
Numismatists 
NEW  YORK,  U.  S.  A. 


COPYRIGHT  1921 
BY 

Guttag  Bros. 


PREFACE 


Since  the  World  War  1914-1918  a greater 
interest  generally  has  been  created  in  For- 
eign Monies  and  Exchange,  and  from  ques- 
tions which  have  been  put  to  the  publishers 
in  the  course  of  business  it  appears  that  a 
book  such  as  this  is  needed. 

It  is  not  our  intention  to  publish  a Text- 
book on  this  subject,  but  to  provide  a Ready 
Reference  of  complete  up-to-date  information 
such  as  experience  has  taught  us  will  be 
equally  helpful  to  Banker,  Merchant,  Numis- 
matist, Student,  and  “The  Man  in  the  Street.” 
To  this  end  technicalities  have  been  avoided 
and  the  whole  modeled  on  a comprehensive 
plan. 

Whilst  every  endeavor  has  been  made  to 
present  the  facts  correctly  it  is  possible  that 
there  are  errors  in  the  text ; we  would  appre- 
ciate any  such  being  brought  to  our  attention. 


GUTTAG  BROTHERS. 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


UNITED  STATES 

OF  AMERICA 


Gold  Standard — 

Unit:  Dollar  = 100  Cents  = 1,000  Mills. 


COINS: 


Copper 

Cent 

y2 

No  longer  coined. 

<< 

a 

i 

a a a 

it 

Cents 

2 

a a a 

Bronze 

Cent 

1 

Nickel 

a 

1 

No  longer  coined. 

a 

Cents 

3 

a a a 

ii 

a 

5 

Nickel. 

Silver 

a 

3 

No  longer  coined. 

<< 

5 

a a a 

<( 

a 

10 

Dime. 

u 

a 

20 

No  longer  coined. 

a 

a 

25 

Quarter. 

a 

a 

50 

Half  Dollar. 

a 

Dollar 

1 

a 

Trade  Dollar 

No  longer  coined  and  worth  only 
Bullion  value. 

Gold 

Dollar 

1 

No  longer  coined. 

a 

Dollars 

2% 

Quarter  Eagle.  No  longer  coined. 

a 

a 

3 

No  longer  coined. 

a 

a 

4 

Pattern. 

a 

a 

5 

Half  Eagle. 

a 

a 

10 

Eagle. 

a 

a 

20 

Double  Eagle. 

a 

a 

50 

Pattern.  (See  outside  cover.) 

Gold  is  legal  tender  to  any  amount. 

The  Silver  Dollar  is  legal  tender  to  any  amount;  sub- 
sidiary silver  to  any  amount  not  exceeding  $10.00,  and  minor 
coin  to  an  amount  of  25c. 


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FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  name  “Trade  Dollar”  was  given  to  a coin  weighing 
420  grains  Troy  which  was  authorized  by  an  Act  of  February 
12th,  1873.  This  piece  was  instituted  to  compete  with  the 
Mexican  silver  dollar  in  the  Orient  and  to  stimulate  trade  with 
China.  Although  the  Trade  Dollar  was  intrinsically  of  greater 
value  than  the  Mexican  Dollar  it  did  not  fulfill  expectations 
and  was  discontinued  in  1878.  Proofs  were  issued  as  late  as 
1885  and  further  coinage  was  prohibited  by  an  Act  of  Feb- 
ruary 19th,  1887.  At  the  present  time  the  Trade  Dollar  is  of 
value  only  as  Bullion. 

NOTES:  Notes  issued  by  the  Government,  and  by  the 
National  Banks,  and  the  Federal  Reserve  Banks  under  Gov- 
ernment Regulation  are  of  many  kinds.  Those  principally  cur- 
rent today  are: — 

(1)  SILVER  CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSIT  authorized 
by  an  Act  of  Congress  February  28th,  1878,  and 
subsequent  Acts,  in  denominations  of  $1,000,  500, 
100,  50,  10,  5,  2 and  1.  The  last  issue  comprises 
denominations  of  $5,  $2  and  $1  only.  These  notes 
are  not  legal  tender,  but  are  acceptable  for  customs 
duties,  taxes  and  public  dues. 

(2)  UNITED  STATES  OR  LEGAL  TENDER  NOTES 
authorized  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  February  25th, 
1862,  and  subsequent  Acts  and  Amendments,  in  de- 
nominations of  $1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2 and 
1.  They  are  legal  tender  in  payment  of  dues, 
public  and  private,  except  duties  on  imports  and  in- 
terest on  the  public  debt. 

(3)  NATIONAL  BANK  NOTES  authorized  by  an  Act 
of  Congress  February  25th,  1863,  and  subsequent 
Acts,  in  denominations  of  $1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20, 
10,  5,  2 and  1.  These  are  not  legal  tender  but  are 
acceptable  for  all  public  dues  except  duties  on  im- 
ports. They  are  redeemable  by  the  Treasurer  of 
the  United  States  and  by  the  Bank  of  issue. 

(4)  FEDERAL  RESERVE  NOTES  are  not  legal  tender, 
but  are  acceptable  for  all  public  dues,  and  on  all 
accounts  by  Federal  Reserve  Banks,  National 


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FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Banks,  and  other  Banks  which  are  members  of 
the  Federal  Reserve  system.  They  are  redeemable 
in  gold  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  and 
in  gold  or  other  lawful  money  by  any  Federal 
Reserve  Bank. 

(5)  FEDERAL  RESERVE  BANK  NOTES  are  for  all 
practical  purposes  identical  with  and  governed  by 
the  same  principles  as  National  Bank  Notes. 

Other  varieties  which  retain  their  former  legal  tender 
status,  but  which  are  seldom  met  with  at  this  time: — 

(6)  DEMAND  TREASURY  NOTES  in  denominations  of 
$20,  $10  and  $5,  issued  under  authority  of  an  Act 
of  Congress,  July  17th,  1861.  They  were  the  first 
ever  issued  with  backs  printed  green,  and  were  called 
“GREENBACKS, ” which  name  has  since  been  gen- 
erally applied  to  United  States  Paper  Money.  These 
notes  do  not  bear  the  seal  of  the  United  States 
Treasury.  They  are  legal  tender. 

(7)  GOLD  CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSIT  PAYABLE 
TO  BEARER  ON  DEMAND  are  issued  in  denomina- 
tions of  $10,000,  5,000,  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10 
and  5,  and  are  legal  tender  in  payment  of  all  duties, 
dues,  public  and  private,  authorized  under  an  act  of 
December  24th,  1919. 

(8)  GOLD  CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSIT  PAYABLE 
TO  ORDER  are  not  legal  tender.  They  are  ac- 
ceptable for  customs  and  all  public  dues.  See  Act 
of  Congress,  July  12th,  1883. 

(9)  FRACTIONAL  CURRENCY  is  the  common  name 
for  certain  issues  of  small  notes  which,  on  account 
of  a lack  of  small  coins,  the  Government  put  into 
circulation  during  the  Civil  War  period  1862  to 
1865.  They  were  authorized  by  Act  of  Congress 
July  17th  1862  and  subsequent  Acts — denomina- 
tions Cents  50,  25,  15,  10,  5 and  3. 

N.  B. — Previous  to  1861  the  Government  did  not 
issue  notes.  All  Bank  Notes  issued  before  1861  and 
all  Confederate  Notes  are  valueless. 

All  gold  coins  minted  previous  to  1834  are  in- 
trinsically worth  $5.25  for  each  $5.00  face  value. 


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FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


AFRICA 


ABYSSINIA 

Silver  Standard — 


Unit:  Talari  or  Dollar 

COINS: 


| Value  about  43c.  U.  S. 

| Value  about  $11  y2  = £1  stg. 


Silver  1 Talari — Menelik  or  Maria  Theresa 

Dollar 


ti 

Vi 

Talari 

it 

V* 

Talari 

it 

Vr 

Talari 

it 

1/16 

Talari  (Piastre,  Toumoun,  Mehalek  or 
Guerche) 

Copper 

Vi 

Guerche 

a 

Vi, 

Guerche 

a 

Vr 

Guerche  (Besa). 

The  Bank  of  Abyssinia  with  government  permission  is- 
sues notes  in  denominations  of  500,  100,  50,  10  and  5 Dollars. 
This  paper  was  not  readily  accepted  by  the  natives  but  is 
now  becoming  generally  recognized  and  accepted  by  them. 

The  Maria  Theresa  Dollar  and  the  Menelik  Dollar  have 
nominally  the  same  value,  but  the  latter  never  circulated 
easily.  The  Menelik  silver  coins  all  bear  the  effigy  of  Mene- 
lik on  the  obverse,  with  the  Lion  of  Judah  bearing  a standard 
oh  the  reverse.  In  the  first  issue  the  Lion  has  its  mouth 
closed,  the  standard  held  in  the  left  paw  and  the  tail  turned 
straight  along  the  back.  The  second  issue  shows  the  lion  with 
the  mouth  open,  the  standard  in  the  right  paw  and  the  tuft 
of  the  tail  curved  backward.  The  two  issues  are  identical  in 
weight  and  fineness  but  the  second  one  is,  for  some  unex- 
plained prejudice,  disliked  by  the  populace  and  only  grudg- 
ingly accepted. 

The  Menelik  Piastre  usually  circulates  at  a premium  on 
account  of  the  demand  for  the  smaller  coin  for  trading  pur- 
poses. Bars  of  salt,  cartridges,  etc.,  are  also  used  as  currency 
and  are  common  exchange  in  the  bazaars  of  the  interior. 
Certain  varieties  of  Cotton  Cloth,  called  Aboudjidid  or  Stamma 
are  also  used  as  currency. 


8 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


ALGERIA 


Currency  same  as  French  Equivalents. 


COINS: 

Copper 

Nickel 

Silver 

Gold 


Centimes  5 and  10. 

“ 5,  10  and  25. 

“ 50,  Francs  1 and  2. 

Francs  10  and  20. 


La  Banque  d’Algerie  issues  notes  payable  to  bearer  in 
denominations  of  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20  and  5. 

French  coins  also  circulate. 


ANGOLA 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Portugal. 

NOTES:  Notes  of  the  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino  cir- 
culate in  the  Colony  at  face  value  but  in  all  other  Colonies 
and  in  Portugal  itself,  such  notes  are  only  accepted  at  a dis- 
count. 

ASHANTI 

See  British  West  Africa. 


AZORES 

The  currency  is  identical  with  that  of  Portugal. 

NOTES:  These  are  of  two  kinds  usually  termed  “Strong,” 
and  “Weak” ; the  latter  are  stamped  “ACORES”  and  are  cur- 
rent at  face  value  only  in  the  Islands.  In  all  other  Colonies 
and  Portugal  itself,  such  notes  are  only  accepted  at  a dis- 
count. 

“STRONG  MONEY”  Escudos  1,000,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2, 
1 and  50  Centavos. 

“WEAK  MONEY”  Escudos  50,  20,  10,  5 and  2i/2. 

BASUTOLAND 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

BECHUANALAND 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 


9 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


BEIRA 

See  Portuguese  East  Africa. 

BELGIAN  CONGO 

Currency  same  as  Belgium,  but  the  Colony  has  coins  of 
its  own  special  design  as  follows: 

Copper  Centimes  1 and  2. 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  20. 

NOTES:  Notes  in  the  following  denominations  are  is- 
sued by  La  Banque  du  Congo  Beige  and  are  legal  tender 
throughout  the  Colony:  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10, 
5 and  1. 

BRITISH  EAST  AFRICA 

See  Kenia  Colony. 

BRITISH  SOMALILAND 

This  Protectorate  has  officially  adopted  the  coinage  of 
British  India  and  obtains  it’s  supplies  from  the  Indian  Gov- 
ernment as  and  when  required. 

BRITISH  SOUTH  AFRICA 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

BRITISH  WEST  AFRICA 

The  coinage  current  in  this  Colony  is  the  same  as  that 
of  Great  Britain  with  the  following  exceptions,  viz.: 

SILVER  COINS:  2 shillings,  1 shilling,  6d.  and  3d. 

BRONZE  COINS:  Id.,  V£d.,  l/10d. — which  coins  are  of 
a new  issue  and  design,  and  are  not  current  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 

The  West  African  Currency  Board,  which  was  established 
in  1912,  issues  notes  for  £5,  20/ — , 10/ — , 5/ — , 2/ — and  1/ — . 
British  Treasury  Notes  and  Bank  of  England  Notes  also 
circulate. 


10 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


CAMEROONS 

Previous  to  August,  1914,  the  currency  of  this  district 
was  the  same  as  that  of  Germany.  Trading  with  the 
natives  in  the  interior  has  been  carried  on  by  barter,  the  use 
of  cowrie  shells  and  tokens  of  gold  and  brass.  Some  Maria 
Theresa  Dollars  were  used  by  the  more  advanced  natives. 

No  agreement  has  been  reached  to  date  as  to  the  disposi- 
tion of  this  ex-German  Territory.  In  the  event  of  its  trans- 
fer to  one  of  the  Allied  Nations,  the  Colony  will  probably 
adopt  the  currency  of  the  country  to  which  transferred. 

CANARY  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Spain. 

For  administrative  purposes  these  islands  are  considered 
an  integral  part  of  Spain. 

CAPE  COLONY 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

CAPE  VERDE  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Portugal  with  the  exception 
that  the  nickel  coins  of  Reis  50  and  10,  current  in  Portugal 
are  not  current  in  this  Colony.  Their  place  is  occupied  by  old 
small  silver  coins  still  current,  but  not  commonly  used  in 
Portugal. 

NOTES:  The  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino  issues  notes 
which  circulate  at  face  value  in  the  islands,  but  which  are 
at  a discount  in  Portugal. 

DAHOMEY 

French  Coin  and  notes  of  La  Banque  de  l’Afrique  Occi- 
dental Frangaise  are  the  general  currency.  See  also  remarks 
under  heading  “French  African  Colonies.” 


ll 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


A duty  of  25%  is  imposed  on  all  foreign  money  in  Da- 
homey, and  by  a decree  of  1903,  the  style  of  coins  likely  to  be 
mistaken  for  French  money,  e.  g.,  Piastres,  was  forbidden. 

Cowries  are  also  used  as  a medium  of  exchange,  and  the 
following  may  be  figured  as  equivalents: 

50  cowries  = 1 string. 

50  strings  = 1 head 
4 heads  = 1 dollar. 

Inland  the  value  of  the  cowrie  is  lower. 

EGYPT 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  £E1  = 100  Piastres  (U.  S.  Par  Value,  $4.94307 
= 1,000  Milliemes.  \Stg.  Par  Value,  £1.0.4% 
COINS: 

Bronze  Millieme  *4  and  % 

Nickel  “ 1,  2,  5 and  10 

Silver  Piastres  1,  2,  5,  10,  20 

Gold  “ 50  (£Ei/2),  100  (£E1),  and  500  (£E5). 

Silver  is  legal  tender  up  to  £E2,  nickel  and  bronze  up  to 
Pt.  10. 

NOTES:  The  National  Bank  of  Egypt  is  authorized  to 
issue  notes  in  denominations  of  £E100,  50,  10,  5,  1,  Pt.  50 
and  25- 

To  remedy  the  recent  shortage  of  silver  the  Egyptian 
Government  has  also  issued  temporary  notes  of  Pt.  10 
and  5.  For  the  same  reason  a decree  was  made  on  March 
6th,  1916,  authorizing  the  use,  provisionally,  of  the  Indian 
Rupee  as  legal  currency  at  the  fixed  value  of  65  milliemes. 

ERITREA 

Unit : Thaler  or  Tallaro  = 5 Lire  = 500  Centesimi. 

COINS : 

Bronze  Thaler  1/100  ( 5 Centesimi) 

“ 44  2/100  (10  “ ) 

Silver  “ 1/10  (50  “ ) 

“ “ 2/10  (Lira  1) 

“ “ 4/10  (Lire  2) 

44  44  1 ( 44  5). 


12 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  Italian  Government  has  recently  minted  a new  Trade 
Dollar  for  the  express  purpose  of  competing  with  the  Maria 
Theresa  Dollar  in  this  Colony.  The  new  coin  averages  433.12 
Grains  of  silver  .835  Fine  as  compared  with  433.02  Grains 
.8333  Fine  of  the  Austrian  Dollar. 

In  view  of  the  conservatism  of  the  native  trader  in  the 
Red  Sea  area  and  his  well-known  predilection  for  the  Maria 
Theresa  Dollar  the  course  of  the  new  Italian  piece  will  be 
watched  with  interest. 

FERNANDO  PO 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Spain. 

FRENCH  AFRICAN  COLONIES 

In  the  whole  of  the  group  of  these  Colonies  the  only 
legal  money,  gold,  silver,  or  base  coin,  is  that  coined  and  is- 
sued by  the  Bank  of  France — that  is  to  say,  the  same  as  the 
coinage  circulating  in  France. 

NOTES:  La  Banque  de  l’Afrique  Occidentale  Frangaise 
issues  notes  for:  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  25  and  5.  The 
value  of  each  note  is  overprinted  in  both  Arabic  and  the 
local  language — the  latter  being  in  different  colors  for  the 
separate  colonies  thus: 

For  Senegal  — Red 
“ Guinea  — Green 
“ Dahomey  — Black 
“ Ivory  Coast  — Blue. 

In  addition,  the  name  of  the  Branch  Bank  which  issues 
the  Bills  appears  on  each  note  as  follows: 

For  Senegal  — Dakar 
“ Guinea  — Conakry 
“ Dahomey  — Porto-Novo 
“ Ivory  Coast  — Grand  Bassam. 

These  notes  are  all  interchangeable,  they  actually  circu- 
late, and  are  considered  as  legal  tender  in  all  the  colonies  of 
the  group. 


13 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


During  the  war,  on  account  of  the  scarcity  of  silver  and 
small  coins  the  Governments  of  various  colonies  issued  small 
notes  for  Fes.  2,  1 and  50  Centimes — similar  to  those  issued 
by  the  various  Chambers  of  Commerce  in  France.  These 
notes  are  considered  as  only  being  temporary,  however,  and 
will  disappear  when  small  change  again  circulates  freely. 

Trading  with  the  up-country  natives  in  general  is  carried 
on  by  means  of  barter;  among  themselves  the  natives  use 
their  own  currencies  consisting  chiefly  of  small  metallic  ob- 
jects, wire,  etc.  In  the  Chad  territory  the  Maria  Theresa 
Dollar  is  in  common  use,  and  by  a decree  of  January  31st, 
1903,  its  value  was  fixed  at  three  Francs. 

FRENCH  GUINEA 

See  also  remarks  under  heading  “French  African 

Colonies.” 

A certain  amount  of  British  money  is  in  circulation  on 
account  of  commercial  connections  with  Sierra  Leone. 

FRENCH  IVORY  COAST 

See  also  remarks  under  heading  “French  African 

Colonies.” 

French  is  the  legal  currency  and  the  importation  of 
foreign  money  is  prohibited,  although  British  £1  and  10/ — 
Gold  are  accepted. 

In  certain  regions  the  natives  still  adhere  to  the  old  cur- 
rency which  was  in  use  before  the  French  occupation.  In 
the  district  of  Seguela  they  have  the  “SOMBE” — a piece  of 
forged  iron.  Gold  dust  is  used  in  Bonduku  and  Nzi-Komoe, 
and  cowries  in  Kong.  In  the  lagoon  and  forest  regions  they 
use  the  “MANILLE” — a bronze  coin  weighing  about  145 
grams — which  is  wor^h  about  20  Centimes.  All  native  cur- 
rency and  monies  are,  however,  tending  to  disappear. 

FRENCH  SOMALILAND 

The  sole  legal  money  of  La  Cote  des  Somalis  is  the  French 
Franc  and  it’s  subdivisions,  but  there  are  no  Bank  of  France 
Notes  circulating  in  the  territory. 

La  Banque  de  Undo  Chine  issues  Notes  for  Francs  100, 
20,  and  5 which  are  the  only  ones  in  circulation. 


14 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


GAMBIA 

See  British  West  Africa. 


GERMAN  EAST  AFRICA 

See  Tanganyika  Territory. 

GOLD  COAST 

See  British  West  Africa. 


KENIA  COLONY 


Unit:  Indian  Silver  Rupee  fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.48665. 
= 100  Cents.  (Sterling  Par  Value,  24d. 

COINS: 


Nickel  Cents  1,  5 and  10. 

Silver  “ 25  and  50.  Rupee  1. 

NOTES:  The  Government  issues  notes  for  Rupees  500, 
100,  50,  20,  10  and  5.  Government  of  India  Rupee  Notes, 
British  Treasury  and  Bank  of  England  Sterling  Notes  are  also 
current;  the  latter  are  legal  tender  at  exchange  10  Rupees 
= £1. 


LIBERIA 


Unit:  Dollar 


100  Cents  iU*  s-  Par  Value,  $1.00 
iuu  ^ems.  | sterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 


COINS: 


Copper  Cents  1,  2 and  5. 

Silver  “ 10,  25  and  50. 

No  Liberian  gold  has  yet  been  coined,  and  there  is  no 
Liberian  paper  issued. 

In  addition  to  the  small  amount  of  Liberian  money  in 
circulation  there  are  also  West  African  and  English  silver 
coins  and  British  Imperial  Notes. 

British  money  is  legal  tender  at  the  local  fixed  rate  of 
$4.80  = £1  sterling. 

In  the  interior  the  natives  have  little  idea  of  exchange 
except  by  barter;  powder,  cloth,  salt  and  cowries  are  the  ar- 
ticles most  used  for  their  purposes. 


15 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


LOURENCO  MARQUES 

See  Portuguese  East  Africa. 

MADEIRA 

Currency  identical  with  that  of  Portugal. 

NOTES:  Notes  issued  by  the  Banco  de  Portugal  are  in 
circulation. 


MADAGASCAR 

Currency  same  as  France. 

The  Bank  of  France  Notes  are  in  circulation. 

MAURETANIA 

See  also  remarks  under  heading  ^French  African 
Colonies.” 

Coins  of  the  Latin-Union  and  Notes  of  the  Banque  de 
l’Afrique  Occidentale  Frangaise  are  in  circulation.  No  other 
coins  are  in  use. 


MAURITIUS 

Currency  same  as  British  India  with  the  addition  of  cer- 
tain local  issues. 

Unit:  Rupee  of  16  Annas  = 100  Cents. 


COINS: 

Bronze 

Local 

Silver  Rupee 

1/10  = 

Cents 

a 

5,  2,  1 
10 

tt 

a 

a 

Vs  = 

a 

25 

British  Indian 

a 

a 

% = 

a 

25 

tt  a 

a 

a 

% = 

a 

50 

a a 

a 

a 

1 = 

a 

100. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Commissioners  of  Cur- 
rency under  Ordinance  No.  28  of  1876,  in  denominations  of 
Rupees  50,  10,  and  5,  which  are  redeemable  on  demand  in 
British  Indian  Silver  Rupees.  In  1920  a Rupee  1 note  was 
issued  and  is  now  current. 

British  Indian  coins  are  legal  tender  to  any  amount;  local 
coins  are  legal  tender  in  payment  of  sums  not  exceeding 
Rupees  5. 


16 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


MOROCCO 


Silver  Standard. 

Unit:  Rial  or  Dollar  = 20  Reals  or  Gersh. 

COINS: 

Copper  Fels  1,  Flus  2 and  4. 

Silver  Rial  1/20,  1/10,  *4,  */2  and  1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Banque  d’Etat  du 
Maroc  in  denominations  of  Rials  40  and  20.  Morocco  being 
now  a French  Protectorate  the  currency  of  France  predomin- 
ates. The  following  may  be  figured  as  equivalents: 

1 Rial  = Francs  5. 

The  above-mentioned  copper  coins  are  old  Moorish  pieces 
principally  circulating  in  the  interior  and  the  bazaars. 

Pesetas  circulate  to  some  extent,  but  only  in  the  Spanish 
Zone. 


MOZAMBIQUE 

See  Portuguese  East  Africa. 

NATAL 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

NIGERIA 

See  British  West  Africa. 

NYASSALAND 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

ORANGE  FREE  STATE 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

ORANGE  RIVER  COLONY 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 


17 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


PORTUGUESE  EAST  AFRICA 

British  Sterling  coinage  circulates  throughout  the  Colon- 
ies, with  the  exception  of  the  area  controlled  by  the  Com- 
panhia  de  Mocambique  where  the  coins  of  Portugal  are  cur- 
rent. 

NOTES:  The  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino  issues  notes  in 
denominations  of  £10,  5 and  1,  and  these  are  the  only  legal 
tender  notes.  This  Bank  also  issues  notes  for  Escudos  50,  20, 
10,  5,  2Y2,  1,  Centavos  50,  20  and  10,  and  these  together  with 
British  Treasury,  Bank  of  England,  and  South  African  Bank 
Notes  also  circulate  throughout  the  Colony  with  the  exception 
of  the  Mozambique  Company’s  Territory  already  alluded  to. 

RHODESIA 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 

RIO  DE  ORO 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Spain. 

RIO  MUNI 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Spain. 

ST.  HELENA 

British  Imperial  Sterling  coins  are  the  sole  legal  metallic 
currency.  British  Treasury  Notes  of  £1  and  10/ — are  legal 
tender  and  circulate  freely. 

SAN  THOME 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Portugal. 

NOTES:  Notes  issued  by  the  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino 
circulate  at  face  value ; these  notes  are,  however,  at  a discount 
in  Portugal. 


SENEGAL 

See  French  African  Colonies. 


18 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


SIERRA  LEONE 

See  British  West  Africa. 

SWAZIELAND 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 


TANGANYIKA  TERRITORY 


Unit: 

COINS: 


Rupee  = 100  Cents. 


jU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.48665 
(Sterling  Par  Value,  24d. 


Copper  Cents  1 and  5. 

Nickel  “ 10. 

Silver  Rupees  */2  and  1. 

NOTES:  British  Indian  Rupee  Notes  and  also  those  is- 
sued by  the  Governments  of  British  East  Africa  and  Zanzibar 
circulate  throughout  the  Colony,  but  actually  the  only  paper 
legal  tender  is  the  British  Indian  Rupee  1 note. 

It  is  understood  that  the  currency  of  this  Territory  will 
likely  be  brought  into  conformity  with  that  of  the  former 
British  East  African  Colonies  now  called  Kenia  Colony. 


TOGOLAND 

At  the  present  time  this  territory  is  divided  into  two  por- 
tions, the  northern  part  being  known  as  the  British  Mandated 
Zone  of  Togoland,  while  the  southern  is  called  the  French 
Mandated  Zone  of  Togoland.  In  both  parts  the  currency  is 
almost  entirely  that  of  British  West  Africa,  namely,  £5,  1, 
10/ — , 2/ — and  1/ — notes  of  the  West  African  Currency 
Board,  silver  coins  2/ — , 1/ — , 6d.  and  3d.,  and  nickel  coins 
Id.  and  V2 d.  In  the  French  Zone  French  copper  coins  also 
circulate  to  a limited  extent  at  10  centimes  = Id. 

An  alloy  coin  has  recently  been  introduced  by  the  West 
African  Currency  Board  to  take  the  place  of  silver  and  the 
coins  are  minted  to  the  similar  token  values  of  2/ — , 1/ — , 6d. 
and  3d.  These  coins,  however,  have  not  circulated  in  the 
French  Zone. 

The  Banque  de  TAfrique  Occidentale  will  shortly  open 


19 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


a branch  at  Lome  and  will  undoubtedly  issue  its  notes  of 
similar  values  to  those  issued  in  other  parts  of  French 
West  Africa. 

TRANSVAAL 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 


TRIPOLI 

Currency  same  as  Italy. 

TUNIS 

Currency  same  as  French  Equivalents. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centimes  5 and  10. 

Nickel  “ 5,  10,  and  25. 

Silver  “ 50,  Francs  1 and  2. 

Gold  Francs  10,  and  20. 

La  Banque  d’Algerie  issues  notes  payable  to  bearer  in  the 
Regency  of  Tunis  in  denominations  of  Francs  1,000,  500,  100, 
50,  20  and  5;  these  notes  bear  the  stamp  “Tunisie.”  The 
government  of  the  Protectorate  also  issues  notes  for  Francs 
2 and  1,  and  Centimes  50. 

French  coins  also  circulate. 

UNION  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA 

The  coinage  of  Great  Britain  is  current  throughout  the 
whole  Colony,  and  there  are  also  certain  of  the  old  South 
African  Republic  coins  still  in  circulation. 

NOTES:  At  present  most  of  the  South  African  Banks  is- 
sue notes  in  denominations  of  £50,  £20,  £10,  £5,  £1  and  10 
shillings,  but  the  Currency  and  Banking  Act  of  1920  provides 
for  the  establishment  of  a Central  Reserve  Bank  which  will 
have  the  sole  right  to  issue  bank  notes  in  the  Union.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  two  years  from  the  date  when  the  present 
issuing  banks  issue  or  re-issue  notes  (which  date  will  be  fixed 
by  proclamation  in  the  “Gazette”),  each  of  such  banks  “shall 


20 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


pay  over  to  the  Central  Reserve  Bank  the  amount  of  its  notes 
still  outstanding  and  its  liability  to  the  holders  thereof  shall 
thereupon  determine  and  shall  be  assumed  by  the  Central 
Reserve  Bank.” 


ZANZIBAR 

Unit:  British  Indian  Silver  fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.48665 
Rupee  = 100  Cents.  (.Sterling  Par  Value,  24d. 

COINS: 

Bronze  Cents  1 and  10. 

Nickel  “ 20. 

All  the  silver  rupee  coins  of  British  India  are  legal  tender 
for  the  payment  of  any  amount,  and  subsidiary  coins  to  any 
amount  not  exceeding  Rupees  5.  The  Sovereign  and  the  Half- 
Sovereign  are  also  legal  tender. 

NOTES:  The  Zanzibar  Government  issues  notes  in  de- 
nominations of  Rupees  500,  100,  50,  20,  10  and  5. 

ZULULAND 

See  Union  of  South  Africa. 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


AMERICA 


Central  America 


BRITISH  HONDURAS 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Dollar  = 100  Cents. 


fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00 
ISterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 


COINS: 

Bronze  Cent  1 
Nickel  Cents  5 
Silver  “ 10,  25,  50. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Government  of  British 
Honduras  in  denominations  of  $10,  $5,  $2  and  $1. 

British  Honduras  silver  coins  are  legal  tender  up  to  $10; 
nickel  and  bronze  up  to  50  Cents.  British  and  United  States 
Gold  are  also  legal  tender  for  any  amount. 


COSTA  RICA 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Colon  = 100  Centimos.  U-  S.  Par  Value,  $0.4653. 
COINS: 

Copper  Centimo  1 

Nickel  Centimos  1 and  2 

Brass  “ 5 and  10 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  25  and  50 

Gold  Colon  1,  Colones  2,  5,  10  and  20. 

Foreign  Gold  Coins  are  legal  tender  at  the  following  rates : 
U.  S.  Dollar  = 2 Colones  15  Centimos 
Pound  Sterling  = 10  “ 45 

French  Franc  — 41.25  Centimos 
German  Mark  =51  “ 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  following  local  Banks 
in  denominations  of  Colones  100.  50,  20,  10  and  5:  Banco  In- 
temacional  de  Costa  Rica,  Banco  de  Costa  Rica,  Banco  Mer- 


22 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


cantil  de  Costa  Rica,  Banco  Commercial  de  Costa  Rica,  and 
El  Banco  Anglo  Costarricense. 

The  Government  issues  notes  for  Colones  2,  Colon  1 and 
Centimos  50  and  25. 


GUATEMALA 

Inconvertible  Paper  Standard.  (Former  basis  Silver.) 

Unit:  Peso  = 8 Reales  = 100  Centavos. 

Value  about  $.025. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  5 

Nickel  Real  %,  1/2,  1 and  Reales  2% 

Silver  Centavos  5,  10,  25,  50  and  Peso  1 
Gold  Pesos  1,  214  and  5. 

At  the  present  time  the  only  coins  which  are  actually  in 
circulation  are  the  14,  % and  1 Real  pieces.  The  silver  coins 
have  all  disappeared  from  circulation. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  El  Banco  Internacional  de 
Guatemala,  El  Banco  de  Guatemala  and  El  Banco  Occidental 
in  denominations  of  Pesos  500,  100,  25,  20,  5 and  1. 

As  there  is  no  gold  provision  for  the  maintenance  of  this 
currency  it  is  subject  to  enormous  fluctuation. 

HONDURAS  (Republic  of) 

Silver  Standard. 

Unit:  Peso  or  Dollar  = 100  Centavos.  Value  about  $0,434. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1 and  2 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  20,  25,  50  and  Peso  1. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  all  the  coins  of  Peru,  Chile, 
Guatemala,  Salvador,  Colombia,  etc.,  are  current  although 
neither  these  nor  the  Honduras  coins  circulate  to  any  extent; 
most  transactions  are  carried  on  with  United  States  currency. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Banco  de  Honduras  and 
the  Banco  Atlantida  in  denominations  of  $100,  50,  20,  10,  5 

and  1. 


23 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NICARAGUA 

Gold  Exchange  Standard. 

Unit:  Cordova  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00. 

100  Centavos  (Sterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1 and  2 
Nickel  “ 5 and  10 

Silver  “ 10,  25,  50  and  Cordova  1 

Gold  Cordovas  2!/2>  5 and  10. 

NOTES:  The  Banco  Nacional  de  Nicaragua  is  the  only 
Bank  authorized  to  issue  notes.  These  are  in  denominations 
of  Cordovas  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2 and  1,  and  Centavos 
50,  25  and  10. 

All  the  old  notes  issued  by  the  Nicaraguan  Government 
have  been  recalled. 

No  gold  has  been  coined. 

PANAMA  (Republic  of) 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Balboa  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00. 

100  Centesimos.  (Sterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 
COINS: 

Nickel  Centesimos  */2  and  2% 

Silver  “ 2%,  5,  10,  25  and  50. 

There  is  very  little  Panamanian  silver  coinage  in  circu- 
lation most  of  it  having  disappeared  since  1914  owing  to  the 
rise  in  the  price  of  the  metal.  The  currency  and  coins  in 
common  use  are  those  of  the  United  States  of  America,  which 
are  legal  tender  in  Panama.  There  are  no  gold  coins  issued 
and  no  local  Bank  Notes. 

SALVADOR 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Colon  or  Peso  iU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.50. 

= 100  Centavos.  (Sterling  Par  Value,  24.658d. 
COINS: 

Nickel  Centavos  1,  3 and  5 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  20,  25,  50  and  Colon  1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  Banco  Occidental,  Banco 
Salvadoreno  and  Banco  Agricola  Comercial  in  denominations 
of  Colones  500,  100,  50,  25,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 


24 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


North  America 


ALASKA 

Currency  same  as  that  of  United  States. 

BERMUDA 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a limited  amount  of  Local  Government  £1  notes  which 
were  issued  during  December,  1914. 

Owing  to  the  large  number  of  tourists  who  visit  Bermuda 
in  the  period  December-May  there  is  a large  amount  of  United 
States  currency  in  circulation  during  that  time  (principally 
bills)  which  is  usually  accepted  by  the  public  at  the  rate  fixed 
by  the  local  banks  for  exchange  on  New  York. 

American  currency  is  not  accepted  by  the  local  Treasury 
in  payment  of  duties,  etc.  Intending  visitors  would  be  ad- 
vised to  take  Sterling  currency  with  them. 

DOMINION  OF  CANADA 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Dollar  = 100  Cents  JU.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00. 

= 1,000  Mills.  \Sterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 

COINS: 

Bronze  Cent  1 (large  and  small) 

Nickel  Cents  5 

Silver  Cents  5,  10,  25  and  50 

Gold  . $2i/2,  5,  10  and  20 

Gold  Half  Sovereign  and  Sovereign. 

NOTES:  All  Chartered  Canadian  Banks  are  authorized  to 
issue  notes  for  $5.00  and  multiples  thereof.  The  following 
Banks  issue  notes  in  denominations  of  $100,  50,  20,  10  and  5: 
Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce 
Dominion  Bank 
Bank  of  Hamilton 
Home  Bank  of  Canada 


25 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Imperial  Bank  of  Canada 
Merchants  Bank  of  Canada 
Molsons  Bank 
Bank  of  Montreal 
Bank  of  Nova  Scotia 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada 
Standard  Bank  of  Canada 
Sterling  Bank  of  Canada 
Bank  of  Toronto 
IMon  Bank  of  Canada 
Banque  d’Hochelaga 
La  Banque  Nationale 
La  Banque  Provinciale 

The  Canadian  Government  issues  notes  for  $5,000,  1,000, 
500,  100,  5,  2,  1 and  25  Cents.  The  $5,000  note  is  used  only 
for  bank  clearings. 

N-  B. — The  following  banks  which  previously  issued  notes 
are  now  consolidated  as  follows: 

Bank  of  British 

North  America  with 
Quebec  Bank  “ 

Bank  of  Ottawa  “ 

Northern  Crown  Bank  “ 

Metropolitan  Bank  “ 

Union  Bank  of  Halifax  “ 

Eastern  Township  Bank  “ 

Traders  Bank  “ 


Bank  of  Montreal 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada 
Bank  of  Nova  Scotia 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada 
Bank  of  Nova  Scotia 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada 
Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada. 


Previous  to  1890  practically  all  banks  doing  business  in 
Canada  issued  notes.  Notes  issued  by  the  following  banks 
are  practically  worthless: 

Agricultural  Bank  of  Upper  Canada 
Bank  of  Arcadia,  Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia 
Bank  of  Brantford,  Brantford,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Canada,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Bank  of  Clifton,  Clifton,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Liverpool,  Nova  Scotia 
Bank  of  London,  London,  Ont. 

Bank  of  People,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  Charlotte  Town 


26 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Bank  of  Upper  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Western  Canada,  Clifton,  Ont. 

Bank  of  Yarmouth 

British  Canadian  Bank,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Central  Bank  of  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont.  (Changed 
from  the  Superior  Bank  of  Canada) 

Central  Bank  of  New  Brunswick,  Fredericton,  N.  B. 
Charlotte  Co.  Bank,  St.  Andrews,  N.  B. 

City  Bank  of  Montreal,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Colonial  Bank  of  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Commercial  Bank  of  New  Brunswick,  St.  John,  N.  B. 
Commercial  Bank  of  Manitoba,  Winnipeg 
Commercial  Bank  of  Newfoundland,  St.  Johns,  N.  F. 
Consolidated  Bank  of  Canada,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 
Exchange  Bank  of  Canada,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Farmers'  Bank  of  Rustico,  P.  E.  I. 

Farmers'  Joint  Stock  Banking  Co.,  Toronto,  Ont. 
Farmers'  Bank,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Federal  Bank  of  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont. 

International  Bank  of  Canada,  Toronto,  Ont. 

La  Banque  Jacques  Cartier,  Montreal 
La  Banque  Ville  Marie 
Mechanics'  Bank,  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Mechanics'  Bank,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Metropolitan  Bank,  Montreal,  P.  Q.  (Before  1876) 

Ontario  Bank 

Picton  Bank,  Picton,  N.  S. 

Provincial  Bank  of  Canada,  Stanstead,  P.  Q. 

Royal  Canadian  Bank,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 

Royal  Canadian  Bank,  Toronto,  Ont. 

Sovereign  Bank  of  Canada 
Stadacona  Bank,  Quebec,  P.  Q. 

Summerside  Bank  of  Prince  Edward  Island 
Union  Bank  of  Newfoundland,  St.  Johns,  N.  F. 
Union  Bank  of  Montreal,  Montreal,  P.  Q. 
Westmoreland  Bank  of  New  Brunswick,  Moncton, 
N.  B. 

Zimmerman's  Bank,  Elgin,  Ont. 

LEGAL  TENDER.  Canadian  Gold  coins  are  legal  tender 
for  any  amount.  The  British  Sovereign  is  current  at  $4.86% 
for  any  amount,  and  also  any  other  gold  coins  current  in  the 


27 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


United  Kingdom  and  being  a multiple  or  division  of  the 
Sovereign  are  current  and  legal  tender  at  the  same  rate.  All 
United  States  gold  pieces  coined  after  January  18th,  1837, 
pass  current  and  are  legal  tender  at  par.  Silver  coins  are 
legal  tender  for  payment  of  an  amount  not  exceeding  $10.00 
and  Bronze  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  25  Cents. 

The  fineness  of  all  Canadian  Silver  coins  was  reduced 
from  .925  to  .800  by  a law  of  May  16th,  1920. 

MEXICO 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Peso  = 100  Centavos.  U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.49846. 
COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1,  2,  5,  10  and  20 

Nickel  “ 5 

Silver  44  10,  20  and  50.  Peso  1. 

Gold  Pesos  2,  2 1/2,  5,  10  and  20. 

All  gold  and  the  silver  peso  are  legal  tender  to  any 
amount;  subsidiary  silver  coins  to  Pesos  20,  and  copper  to 
Peso  1. 

All  silver  and  copper  coins  dated  before  1904  are  demon- 
etized. 

The  old  issue  of  Pesos  5,  10  and  20  gold  coins,  Maximilian 
silver  and  Real  issues  are  worth  only  bullion  values. 

It  is  understood  that  a new  gold  piece  of  50  Pesos  (called 
“ITURBIDE”)  will  shortly  be  issued. 

NOTES:  At  the  time  of  writing  no  banks  are  allowed 

to  put  new  bills  into  circulation  and  until  the  proposed  Gov- 
ernment Bank  commences  to  operate  there  will  be  no  new 
paper  money  issued. 

The  following  bank  notes  are  good  all  over  Mexico,  but 
their  prices  vary  according  to  market  conditions: 

Banco  Nacional 

“ del  Londres  y Mexico 
“ de  Aguascalientes 
El  Banco  de  Coahuila 
“ “ 44  Durango 

Banco  del  Estado  de  Mexico 
El  Banco  de  Guerrerro 
44  44  del  Guanajuato 


28 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


El  Banco  del  Hidalgo 

“ “ 44  Jalisco 

44  44  44  Morelos 

44  44  44  Mercantil  de  Monterey 

44  14  44  44  44  Vera  Cruz 

44  44  44  Minero  de  Mexico 

44  44  44  Nuevo  Leon 

44  44  44  Occidental  de  Mexico 

44  44  44  Oriental  Pueblo 

44  44  44  Peninsular  Mexicano 

44  44  44  Queretaro 

44  44  44  San  Luis  Potosi 

4 4 44  44  Sonora 

44  44  44  Tabasco 

44  44  44  Tamaulipas 

44  44  44  Zacatecas 

All  Villista  note  issues  are  worthless. 

The  Carranza  notes  are  called  “Infalsificables.” 

The  fine  contents  of  the  silver  coins  of  this  country  have 
been  altered  from  time  to  time  as  noted  below : 

By  a Law  of  March  25,  1905,  Centavos  50,  20  and  10  re- 
duced to  .800. 

By  a Law  of  November  13,  1918,  Peso  1 reduced  to  .800. 
By  a Law  of  October  28,  1919,  Peso  1,  Centavos  50  and  20 
reduced  to  .720. 


NEWFOUNDLAND 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Dollar  = 100  Cents. 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00. 
.Sterling  Par  Value,  49.316d. 


COINS: 

Copper  Cent  1 

Silver  Cents  5,  10,  20,  25  and  50 

Gold  $2. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by: 

The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada 
The  Bank  of  Montreal 
The  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  and 
The  Bank  of  Nova  Scotia 
in  denominations  of  $100,  50,  20,  10  and  5. 

The  Local  Government  issues  notes  for  $2  and  $1. 


29 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


ST.  PIERRE  ET  MIQUELON 

Currency  same  as  France,  including  Bank  of  France 
Notes. 

French  currency  is  the  only  legal  tender,  but  actually 
Newfoundland,  Canadian,  British  and  United  States  Notes  and 
Silver  circulate  very  much  more  freely. 

Old  Spanish  and  Mexican  Dobloons  also  circulate  to  some 
extent,  but  not  nearly  so  largely  as  before  August,  1914. 


West  Indies 


BRITISH  WEST  INDIES 


Antigua 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  issues  notes  for  $5.00. 

British  Treasury  Notes  and  Bank  of  England  Notes  are 
paid  and  received  at  the  local  par  value  of  4.80  West 
Indian  Dollars  to  the  £1. 

Bahamas 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

The  Local  Government  is  preparing  an  issue  of  notes 
(which  are  being  printed  by  the  American  Bank  Note 
Gompany  at  Ottawa,  Canada)  in  denominations  of  £1, 
10/ — and  4/ — . 

Notes  issued  in  1891  by  the  Bank  of  Nassau,  which 
failed  in  1916,  have  been  recalled.  Of  this  issue  the  un- 
redeemed balance  only  amounts  to  £659.6.0,  the  notes 
for  which  will  probably  never  be  presented  for  redemp- 
tion. 

Barbados 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

Notes  are  issued  by  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  and 


30 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


the  Colonial  Bank  in  denominations  of  $100,  $20  and  $5. 
The  rate  of  exchange  is  fixed  by  law  at  4/2  to  the  Dollar. 
At  present  there  is  no  Government  Issue  of  notes,  but  it 
is  understood  that  one  is  contemplated. 

Dominica 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

The  Colonial  Bank  of  London  and  the  Royal  Bank  of 
Canada  both  issue  a note  for  $5.00  equal  to  £1.0.10  locally. 
The  old  note  issued  by  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada,  that 
is,  the  note  similar  to  that  Bank’s  Canadian  issue  except 
bearing  the  words  “payable  at  Roseau,  Dominica”  printed 
across  it,  is  being  withdrawn.  A new  issue  has  recently 
appeared  bearing  on  its  face  a picture  of  one  of  the  Cana- 
dian Merchant  Marine  ships  and  on  the  reverse  the  Royal 
Coat  of  Arms. 

Grenada 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

Notes  are  issued  by  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  and  the 
Colonial  Bank  of  London  for  $5.00. 

The  Local  Government  issues  notes  for  10/ — , 5/ — 
and  2/6. 

Jamaica 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain;  in  addition  there  are 
local  nickel  coins  of  Id.,  V2 d.  and  % d. 

The  following  Banks  issue  notes: 

Colonial  Bank  of  London,  £10,  £5  and  £1 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada,  £5  and  £1 
Bank  of  Nova  Scotia*  £5  and  £1. 

The  Local  Government  issues  notes  in  denominations 
of  10/ — , 5/ — and  2/6  which  are  redeemable  on  demand 
in  British  Treasury  Notes  or  British  Silver. 

British  Treasury  Notes  of  £1  and  10/ — are  legal  tender. 

Montserrat 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

In  addition  to  Bank  of  England  and  British  Treasury 
Notes,  the  notes  issued  by  the  Antigua  Branch  of  the 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada  are  in  circulation. 


31 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Nevis 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

The  notes  issued  by  the  St.  Kitts  Branch  of  the  Royal 
Bank  of  Canada  circulate  together  with  the  $5  note  of 
the  Colonial  Bank. 

St.  Kitts 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

Notes  are  issued  by  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  and 
Colonial  Bank  in  $5  denominations  only.  The  Royal  Bank 
of  Canada  issue  has  printed  on  its  face  the  sterling  equiva- 
lent £1.0.10. 

St.  Lucia 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

The  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  and  the  Colonial  Bank  of 
London  issue  notes  in  $5.00  denominations. 

The  Local  Government  issues  notes  for  10/ — and  5/ — . 

Trinidad  and  Tobago 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

There  are  three  issues  of  local  currency  notes  in  the 
islands,  viz.: 

Trinidad  Government  Notes  $1,000,  $2  and  $1. 

Colonial  Bank  Notes  $100,  $20  and  $5. 

Royal  Bank  of  Canada  Notes  $100,  $20  and  $5. 

The  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce  contemplates  open- 
ing a branch  at  Port  of  Spain,  and  it  is  probable  that 
this  Bank  will  also  issue  notes. 

Accounts  are  kept  in  Dollars  and  Cents,  the  Pound  ster- 
ling being  the  equivalent  of  $4.80  which  is  the  local  “par.” 

British  West  Indies  (General) 

At  the  moment  British  Treasury  Notes  circulate  very 
freely  in  all  the  Islands  of  the  British  West  Indies,  but 
they  are  not  legal  tender  except  in  Jamaica. 

The  Government  of  the  Leeward  Islands  purposes  issu- 
ing notes  for  5/ — and  2/6. 


32 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


MISCELLANEOUS 

Cuba 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Peso  or  Dollar  JU.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.00. 

= 100  Centavos  or  Cents.  \Stg.  Par  Value,  49.316d. 

COINS: 

Nickel  Cents  1,  2 and  5. 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  40  and  $1. 

Gold  $1,  2,  4,  5,  10  and  20. 

NOTES:  There  are  neither  Government  nor  Bank  is- 
sues of  Cuban  paper.  All  notes  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  United  States  National  Bank  Notes,  and 
Federal  Reserve  Notes  circulate  at  par,  and  are  legal 
tender. 

The  Government  of  Cuba  established  its  National 
Monetary  System  by  an  Act  of  October  29,  1914,  which 
authorized  the  coinage  of  gold,  silver  and  nickel  coins 
of  the  same  fineness  and  proportionate  weight  as  United 
States  coins  of  similar  denominations  and  specie.  All 
gold  coins  bear  on  the  obverse  the  effigy  of  Jose  Marti 
and  the  legend  “Patria  y Libertad,,,  with  the  fineness  in 
figures  and  the  date.  All  Cuban  metallic  money  is  coined 
at  the  U.  S.  Mint  in  Philadelphia. 

United  States  coins  circulate  at  par,  and  are  legal  ten- 
der. All  other  foreign  monies  are  excluded  from  circula- 
tion. 

Dominican  Republic 

^The  currency  in  general  use  in  San  Domingo  is  that 
of  the  United  States  of  America.  A small  amount  of  old 
silver  currency  is  still  outstanding,  and  this  is  redeem- 
able at  5 to  1. 

Paper  is  practically  worthless. 

Guadeloupe 

Currency  same  as  France.  The  island  has  its  own  Fc.  1 
and  Fc.  1/2  nickel  coins. 

NOTES:  Issued  by  the  Bank  of  Guadeloupe  in  denomi- 
nations of  Fes.  500,  100,  25  and  5,  payable  in  Guadeloupe 

only. 


33 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Haiti 

Inconvertible  Paper  Standard. 

Unit  Gourde  = 100  Centimes.  U.  S.  Par  Value,  20c. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centimes  1,  2 and  3 

Nickel  “ 5,  10,  20  and  50 

Silver  “ 10,  20  and  50,  Gourde  1. 

NOTES:  All  the  old  issues  are  being  retired  as  rapidly 
as  possible,  and  will  be  replaced  by  bills  issued  by  the 
Banque  Nationale  de  la  Republique  d’Haiti.  These  notes 
will  be  a bank  obligation  similar  to  the  Reserve  Notes  or 
the  old  National  Bank  Notes  of  the  United  States.  They 
will  be  issued  in  denominations  of  Gourdes  10,  5,  2 and  1. 

GOURDES 

PAPER  GOURDES:  These  are  of  two  kinds.  (1)  The 
Government  Issue  of  which  only  about  one  and  one-quar- 
ter millions  are  still  in  circulation  and  which  is  being 
withdrawn  at  Gourdes  5 for  $1.00  by  means  of  United 
States  greenbacks  deposited  with  the  Banque  Nationale 
de  la  Republique  d’Haiti  by  the  Government,  and  (2)  the 
Banque  Nationals  own  notes  which  are  worth  5 for 
$1.00,  reimbursement  of  which  is  guaranteed  by  the  Bank 
at  any  time. 

NICKEL  GOURDES : This  currency  is  not  guaranteed 
and  varies  at  certain  times  in  value;  e.  g.,  at  the  time 
of  writing  Gourdes  5.25  Nickel  are  necessary  to  obtain 
Gourdes  5 paper  or  $1.00  U.  S.  Currency. 

SILVER  GOURDES:  These  exist  in  small  quantities 

only,  and  are  worth  about  60  Cents  a Gourde.  The  coins 
have  mostly  been  exported  and  sold  abroad. 

GOLD  GOURDES:  Non-existent. 

Isle  of  Pines 

See  Cuba. 


34 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Martinique 

See  Guadeloupe. 

Porto  Rico 

Currency  same  as  United  States. 

There  are  no  local  bank  issues  of  notes. 

St.  Croix 

See  Virgin  Islands  of  United  States. 

St.  Thomas 

See  Virgin  Islands  of  United  States. 

Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States 

(Formerly  Danish  West  Indies) 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Franc  = 100  Bits. 

COINS: 

Bronze  Bits  2%,  5 and  10 

Nickel  “ 25 

Silver  “ 50,  Francs  1,  2 and  5. 

Gold  Francs  20,  25  and  50. 

In  accordance  with  the  Law  of  March  29th,  1904,  Francs 
5 are  equal  to  1 Danish  West  Indian  Dollar;  therefore,  5 
Bits  equal  1 Cent. 

There  is  a considerable  amount  of  United  States  Cur- 
rency in  circulation  and  presumably  in  course  of  time  the 
currency  of  these  Islands  will  be  brought  into  line  with 
that  of  the  United  States. 


35 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


South  America 


ARGENTINE 

Gold  Standard. 

. _ fU.  S.  Par  Value  Gold  Peso  $0.9468 

= 1 U.  S.  Par  Value  Paper  “ 0.4245* 

100  Centavos,  [sterling  Par  Value  Gold  Peso  47.58d. 
(*Conversion  at  44%  of  gold  peso.) 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1 and  2 
Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  50  and  Peso  1 

Gold  Pesos  5 (Argentino.) 

There  is  very  little  silver  in  circulation  at  present.  Gold 
coins  are  legal  tender  to  any  amount;  silver  up  to  an  amount 
of  Pesos  10. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Republic  in  denomina- 
tions of  Pesos  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  10,  5 and  1,  and  Centavos  50. 

The  Mayor  of  Buenos  Aires  has  petitioned  the  National 
Government  to  coin  a 12  Centavos  piece  in  order  to  cope  with 
the  shortage  of  copper  Centavos.  Since  permission  has  been 
given  to  the  Buenos  Aires  Tramways  to  charge  a fare  of  12 
Centavos,  considerable  difficulty  in  making  change  has  been 
experienced,  and  it  is  to  facilitate  matters  in  this  connection 
that  the  new  coin  has  primarily  been  requested. 

BOLIVIA 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Boliviano  = 100  Centavos.  U.  S.  Par  Value  $0.3893. 
COINS: 

Bronze  Centavos  */2  and  1 

Nickel  “ 5 and  10 

Silver  “ 20  and  50.  Boliviano  1. 

The  Pound  Sterling  and  Pound  Peruvian  valued  at  Bolivi- 
anos 12.50  each,  and  the  U.  S.  Gold  Dollar  at  Bolivianos  2.57 
to  the  Dollar  are  unlimited  legal  tender. 


36 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Bolivia  has  no  gold  coins  of  its  own. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  El  Banco  Nacional  de  Bo- 
livia, El  Banco  de  la  Nacion  Boliviano,  El  Banco  Francisco  Ar- 
gandona,  and  El  Banco  Mercantil,  in  denominations  of  Bolivi- 
anos 500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 


BRAZIL 


Gold  Exchange  Standard. 


Unit : Milreis 
= 1,000  Reis. 


fU.  S.  Par  Value  Gold  Milreis,  $0.5463 
44  44  “ Paper  44  0.3244 

iStg.  44  44  44  “ 16d. 


COINS: 

Bronze  Reis  10,  20  and  40 

Nickel  44  20,  50,  100,  200  and  400 

Silver  44  500,  1,000  and  2,000 

Gold  Milreis  5,  10  and  20. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Government  in  denom- 
inations of  Milreis  500,  200,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 
“IMPERIO”  notes  are  of  no  value. 

The  term  used  to  denote  1,000  Milreis  is  “Conto”  and  is 
written  thus: — 1,000$000. 


BRITISH  GUIANA 

Currency  same  as  British  West  Indies. 

NOTES:  The  Local  Government  issues  notes  for  $2  and  $1. 
The  Colonial  Bank  and  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  both  issue 
notes  for  $100,  $20  and  $5. 

The  new  issue  of  the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada  Notes  bears 
on  the  face  “payable  in  British  Guiana  Dollars  equivalent  to 
£20.16.8,  £4.3.4,  £1.0.10”  respectively.  The  old  issue  (similar 
to  the  Montreal  issue)  is  being  withdrawn  although  a good 
many  are  still  in  circulation. 

There  are  still  in  existence  some  of  the  old  notes  issued 
by  the  British  Guiana  Bank  which  was  taken  over  by  the 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada.  As  soon  as  presented  these  notes  are 
redeemed  and  not  re-issued. 

The  British  Guiana  “Bit”  or  West  Indian  Groat  was  coined 
in  1891  to  replace  the  British  4d.  piece.  This  coin  is  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  *4  Guilder  or  Dutch  Guiana  “Bit”  which  was  at  one 
time  the  favored  coin  in  this  Colony,  and  was  the  basis  of  the 
popular  mode  of  reckoning. 


37 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


CHILE 

Gold  Exchange  Standard. 

Unit:  Peso  = 100  Centavos,  S'Par^u%f  °'3650 

fStg.  Par  Value,  $13 1/3  = £1 

COINS: 

Copper  Uentavos  V2,  1,  2 and  2*/2 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  20,  40,  50  and  Peso  1. 

Gold  Pesos  5 (Escudo),  10  (Doubloon),  and  20 

(Condor). 

Gold  Pesos  are  not  coined  at  the  present  time.  English 
and  Australian  Sovereigns  are  legal  currency  at  the  rate  of 
Pesos  13.33. 

The  theoretical  unit  is  the  Gold  Peso  and  its  use  is  com- 
pulsory in  transactions  with  Government  Departments.  Most 
trading  with  the  country  is  also  done  on  this  basis  because 
of  the  violent  fluctuations  which  may  occur  from  time  to  time 
in  paper  exchange  quotations. 

The  fineness  of  silver  coins  is  now  .500. 

The  Government  has  recently  accepted  the  bid  of  a French 
Company  for  making  Pesos  20,000,000  in  small  nickel  cur- 
rency. 

COLOMBIA 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Dollar  or  Peso  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.9733. 

100  Centavos  \Stg.  Par  Value,  4/ — . 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1,  2 and  5 

Silver  “ 10  (Real),  20  (Peseta)  and  Peso  1 

Gold  Pesos  1,  21/2  and  5 (Colombian  Pound). 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Republic  of  Colombia 

in  denominations  of  Pesos  100,  50,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 

All  notes  whatsoever  issued  before  1915  are  worthless. 

CURACAO  (D.  W.  I.) 

Currency  same  as  Netherlands,  with  the  exception  that 
the  25  and  10  cent  pieces  bear  the  words  “Kolonie  Curacao.” 
NOTES:  The  only  Bank  authorized  to  issue  notes  is  the 
Curacaosche  Bank  which  may  issue  same  to  a maximum  total 
of  Florins  1,500,000.  Denominations — Florins  250,  100,  50,  25, 
10  and  5.  Treasury  Notes  are  issued  for  Florins  2.50  and  1. 


38 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


DUTCH  GUIANA  (Surinam) 

Currency  same  as  Netherlands. 

NOTES:  The  Surinaamsche  Bank  issues  notes  in  denomi- 
nations of  Florins  1,000,  300,  200,  100,  50,  25,  10  and  5. 

The  Local  Government  has  also  issued  notes  for  Florins 
2.50,  1 and  .50,  but  this  was  a temporary  “War  measure”  only, 
and  it  is  expected  they  will  soon  be  recalled. 


ECUADOR 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Sucre  = 100  Centavos.  U.  S.  Par  Value,  $04867. 

COINS: 


(Real),  20 


The  Sucre  2 and  5 gold  pieces  have  not  yet  been  minted. 
The  silver  Sucre  is  legal  tender  to  an  amount  of  Sucres  10. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  in  denominations  of  Sucres  100, 
50,  10,  5,  2 and  1 by  the  following  Banks: 

El  Banco  Commercial  Agricola 

Banco  del  Ecuador,  Guayaquil 

Banco  Commercial  y Agricola,  Quayaquil 

Banco  del  Pichincha,  Quito 

Banco  del  Azuay. 

No  private  bankers  issue  notes. 


Copper 

Centavos 

1 and  2 

Nickel 

a 

i/2,  1,  2i/2  and  5 

Silver 

it 

5 (Medio  Real),  10 

(Peseta) 

«« 

Sucre 

*/2  and  1 

Gold 

a 

2,  5 and  10  (Condor). 

FALKLAND  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

A Government  paper  currency  was  established  under  an 
Order  in  Council  dated  March  7,  1899,  and  notes  are,  or  may 
be,  issued  in  denominations  of  £5,  1,  10/ — and  5/ — and  any 
multiple  of  £5. 


FRENCH  GUIANA 

Currency  same  as  that  of  France  with  the  addition  of  a 
local  10  Centimes  piece  called  the  “Sou  Marque  Blanc.” 


39 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  Sou  Marque  resembles  the  “Bit”  of  British  Guiana 
inasmuch  as  it  is  the  popular  coin  and  the  standard  in  which 
values  are  generally  reckoned.  Coined  over  a century  ago, 
it  is  now  usually  a dirty  and  featureless  metal  disc  which  can 
be  easily  counterfeited,  and  the  country  is,  consequently,  full 
of  spurious  sous  most  of  which  have  been  made  out  of  the 
metal  of  gasoline  cans.  One  peculiar  feature  of  this  coin  is 
that  it  is  legal  tender  up  to  Francs  1,000,  whilst  French  copper 
is  only  legal  tender  up  to  Francs  5.  There  is  a movement 
on  foot  to  have  this  coin  withdrawn. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Banque  de  la  Guyane  in 
denominations  of  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10  and  5. 

PARAGUAY 

inconvertible  Paper  Standard.  (Former  basis  Gold.) 

tt  -4.  t.  ~ , /Value  in  U.  S.  Money 

Unit:  Peso  = 100  Centavos. -s  , , A . 

labout  $0.04 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  50  and  Peso  1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Government  of  the  Re- 
public in  denominations  of  Pesos  500,  200,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2, 
1 and  Centavos  50. 

The  Monetary  system  of  this  country  is  theoretically  based 
on  the  Argentine  Gold  Peso,  and  the  gold  coins  of  Argentine 
are  legal  tender  in  Paraguay.  At  this  time,  however,  prac- 
tically no  coins  of  any  sort  are  in  circulation,  the  depreciated 
paper  currency  being  generally  accepted  as  a medium  of  ex- 
change. 

PERU 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Pound  Peruvian  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $4.8665. 

10  Soles  = 1,000  Centavos./Sterling  Par  Value,  £1. 
COINS: 

Bronze  Centavos  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  20 

Silver  Sol  1/20,  1/10  (Dinero)  Vs,  V2  and  1 
Gold  £p  V5,  % and  1. 


40 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  £p.  1/5  piece  is  called  “QUINTOS”  and  was  author- 
ized by  a Law  of  November  16,  1906. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Government  of  the  Re- 
public in  denominations  of  £p.  10,  5,  1 and  Sol  1,  and  Cen- 
tavos 50  and  5. 

British  gold  is  legal  tender  at  par  to  any  amount  and 
previous  to  1914  circulated  freely. 

All  notes  issued  previous  to  1914  are  of  no  value. 


URUGUAY 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Peso  = 100  Centesimos.  U.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.0432. 

COINS: 

Nickel  Centesimos  1,  2 and  5 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  50  and  Peso  1 

Gold  Pesos  10  (Doubloon). 

The  gold  doubloon  has  never  been  coined. 

All  gold  coins  of  foreign  countries  are  legal  tender,  the 
equivalents  in  local  currency  being  established  by  law. 

Silver  is  only  legal  tender  to  limited  amounts,  the  follow- 
ing being  established  by  the  Law  of  October,  1892: 

For  payments  up  to  10  Pesos,  50%  in  silver 

“ “ from  10  to  25  Pesos,  30%  in  silver 


ft 

a 

ii 

25  “ 100 

u 

20%  “ 

a 

ii 

if 

100  “ 500 

ii 

10%  “ 

it 

ii 

a 

500  “ 5000 

a 

5%  “ 

ii 

it 

above 

5000  Pesos  2% 

in 

silver. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  solely  by  El  Banco  de  la  Re- 
publica  Oriental  de  Uruguay  in  denominations  of  Pesos  500, 
100,  50  and  10  gold  currency,  and  Pesos  5 and  1 silver  cur- 
rency. On  account  of  the  shortage  of  subsidiary  coins  some  of 
the  1 Peso  notes  were  surcharged  “20  Centesimos”  and  put 
into  circulation.  These  notes  will  shortly  be  retired. 


VENEZUELA 

Gold  Standard. 

fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 

Unit:  Bolivar  = 100  Centimes |Sterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Centavo  1 (old  coinage)  = Centimos  5 


41 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Nickel  Centimos  5 and  12% 

Silver  “ 25  and  50.  Bolivar  1,  Bolivares  2, 

2%  and  5 

Gold  Bolivares  20,  25  and  100. 

Whilst  the  monetary  system  of  this  country  is  based  on  a 
gold  standard  with  the  Bolivar  as  the  unit  there  are  prac- 
tically three  different  monetary  systems  in  use: — 

a)  The  standard  mentioned  above.  This  system  is  used 
by  the  Government  in  all  its  transactions. 

b)  The  old  system  of  account  with  the  Dollar  or  “PESO 
FUERTE,,  of  100  Centavos  as  the  unit.  The  “Peso 
Fuerte”  is  figured  as  being  the  equivalent  of  5 
Bolivares. 

c)  The  remaining  system  has  for  its  unit  the  “PESO 
MACQUINA”  of  8 Reales  and  is  recognized  as  equal 
to  Bolivares  4 or  Centavos  80  (8/10  of  a “Peso 
Fuerte”). 

On  account  of  the  large  number  of  foreign  gold  pieces  in 
circulation  at  that  time  the  Government  in  1912  passed  a law 
fixing  the  values  at  which  such  coins  would  be  received  or  paid 
in  all  government  or  municipal,  etc.,  transactions: 


U.  S.  A 

$20.00 

Double  Eagle 

Bolivares 

104.00 

Great  Britain 

£1 

Sovereign 

25.25 

Latin  Union 

20.00 

(Napoleon  or 

equivalent) 

20.00 

Germany 

Marks  20 

Double  Crown 

24.75 

Colombia 

Pesos  5 

Columbia  Pound 

25.25 

Peru 

£pl. 

Soles  10 

25.25 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by: 

Banco  de  Venezuela 
Banco  Caracas 
Banco  de  Maracaibo 
Banco  Comercial  de  Maracaibo 
in  denominations  of  Bolivares  5,000,  1,000,  500,  400,  100,  50, 
20,  10  and  5. 


42 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


ASIA 


AFGHANISTAN 

The  greater  part  of  the  currency  in  circulation  is  that  of 
British  India ; Russian,  Persian  and  British  coins  are  also  seen. 


The  currency  of  ARABIA  is  notoriously  confused,  being 
largely  influenced  by  political  factors.  Wherever  Turkish  Po- 
litical influence  preponders  over  British  the  larger  will  be  the 
use  of  Turkish  currency  and  vice-versa. 

HEJAZ,  Etc.  Turkish  coinage  is  mostly  used  here  and 
in  the  Holy  Cities  Mecca,  Medina,  the  ‘‘Pilgrim  Ports,”  and 
along  the  Pilgrim  Road ; as  a matter  of  fact,  foreign  money  is 
prohibited  in  these  places,  but  the  interdiction  is  disregarded 
in  all  but  government  transactions.  In  both  Hejaz  and  Jedda 
during  the  Pigrim  season  a large  variety  of  foreign  coins  are 
current.  Most  of  the  Pilgrims  on  their  way  to  Mecca  arrive 
at  the  ports  provided  only  with  the  money  of  their  native 
lands;  consequently  during  this  period  Indian,  Japanese, 
Egyptian,  Persian,  East  African  and  Dutch  East  Indian  Coins, 
together  with  Shanghai  and  Mexican  Dollars  circulate  pretty 
freely.  Further  confusion  arises  from  a common  use  of  “AC- 
COUNT” money  in  commercial  transactions.  These  curren- 
cies are  theoretical  only — the  coins  are  non-existent. 


ADEN.  British  and  British  Indian  equivalents  are  in 
common  use.  In  Aden  proper  and  Steamer  Point  the  Rupee 
is  the  standard,  whereas  in  the  Aden  interior  the  one  generally 
recognized  is  the  Annas  4 piece,  called  a “BAULE.” 

MUSCAT.  The  Maria  Theresa  Dollar  is  the  coin  in  most 
common  use,  but  lately  British  Indian  currency  has  been  mak- 


ARABIA 


28  devanis  = 1 rezin 

40  “ =1  bad  piastre 


|=1  umba  dollar. 


43 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


in g great  headway.  The  following  theoretical  “Money  of  ac- 
count” is  in  more  or  less  common  use : 

20  gaz  = 1 mohamadi 

III/2  mohamadi  = 1 dollar 

HADHRAMAUT  has  a distinctive  currency,  the  principal 
coins  being  the  following: 

Karsh  = silver  coin  roughly  1 dollar 

Okiyah  = “ “ “ 15  cents 

Haraf  = “ “ “ 8 cents 

Khamsie  = copper  coin  worth  less  than  1 cent. 

The  Maria  Theresa  Dollar  and  Turkish  Medjedieh  and 
Piastre,  5-Franc  pieces,  and  also  10  Cents  Dutch  East  Indies 
are  found. 

GENERAL  REMARKS.  In  the  remote  parts  and  the  in- 
terior trade  is  generally  carried  on  by  barter.  In  the  Oases 
dates  are  a common  medium  of  exchange,  and  it  is  usually  the 
custom  to  make  part  payment  in  silver,  and  the  balance  in 
dates  and  other  commodities  or  articles.  The  Mohammedan 
religion  forbids  banking,  but  this  prohibition  is  evaded  in  most 
Moslem  countries. 


ASSAM 

See  British  India. 

BAHREIN  ISLANDS  (Persian  Gulf) 

The  currency  in  more  general  use  is  that  of  British  India, 
viz.: — the  Rupee  of  16  Annas,  but  in  common  with  other  trade 
centers  of  the  locality,  the  Maria  Theresa  Dollar  holds  a cer- 
tain sway. 

The  natives  are  averse  to  accepting  paper  currency,  and 
consequently  Government  of  India  notes  are  usually  only  taken 
by  merchants  who  have  to  make  remittances  to  India. 

BALUCHISTAN 

The  greater  part  of  the  currency  in  circulation  is  that 
of  British  India.  Persian  Coins  also  circulate. 

BUNDER  ABBAS 

See  Bushire. 


44 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


BURMAH 

See  British  India. 

BUSHIRE 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Persia  with  the  addition  of 
British  Indian  Rupee  notes  and  coins. 

CAMBODIA 

See  French  Indo-China. 

CEYLON 

Gold  Exchange  Standard. 

Unit:  Indian  Silver  Rupee  m s.  Par  Value,  $0.48665. 

= 100  Cents.  (Sterling  Par  Value,  24d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Cents  *4  and  1 

Nickel  “ 5 

Silver  “ 10,  25  and  50. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Commissioners  of  Cur- 
rency in  denominations  of  Rupees  1,000,  100,  50,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 

CHINA 

The  currency  of  China  being  so  complex  and  the  greater 
portion  of  the  native  exchange  media  being  of  no  interest  to 
the  foreign  merchant,  it  is  only  intended  here  to  give  an  out- 
line of  the  more  important  means  of  exchange. 

“CASH.”  This  is  a coin  of  brass  or  copper  and  is  the  com- 
mon currency  of  the  lower  classes.  These  coins  are  strung  in 
rolls,  usually  of  100,  of  which  10  rolls  go  to  the  “TIAO”  or 
“STRING”  of  1,000  Cash.  The  coins  are  usually  circular  in 
shape  and  have  a square  hole  in  the  centre;  Money-changers 
charge  for  the  trouble  of  stringing  the  coins  and  also  for  the 
cost  of  the  string  by  deducting  a certain  number  of  Cash  from 
each  roll.  This  rate  of  discount  is  fixed  locally  so  that  the 
Tiao,  which  nominally  consists  of  1,000  Cash,  may  contain  in 
one  district  965  and  in  another  980  actual  coins. 


45 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  number  of  actual  coins  in  the  Tiao  also  depends  on 
the  size  and  metal  of  the  Cash  in  circulation  which  varies 
from  Province  to  Province. 

These  coins  were  introduced  about  the  12th  Century  B.  C. 
and  today  it  is  not  unusual  to  come  across  specimens  which 
have  been  in  circulation  for  nearly  1,000  years. 

“TAEL.”  (Chinese  “LIANG”).  This  is  not  a coin  but  a 
measure  of  weight  of  silver,  and  is  sometimes  called  the 
Chinese  Ounce.  It  represents  the  l/16th  part  of  a pound 
(“Catty”)  but  as  the  Chinese  pound  varies  in  weight  in  differ- 
ent districts  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Tael  must,  in  consequence, 
also  vary.  As  the  purity  of  silver  also  varies  with  the  lo- 
cality the  enormous  number  of  combinations  and  the  impos- 
sibility of  enumerating  the  various  Taels  will  be  readily  ap- 
preciated. Generally  speaking  the  Tael  may  be  figured  at 
IV3  oz.  Troy.  Silver  circulates  in  the  form  of  ingots,  called 
“SHOES”  or  “SYCEE”  of  different  shapes  and  sizes  up  to  50 
or  60  Taels  in  weight.  This  metal  is  usually  either  “fine  sil- 
ver” (1,000  fine),  “old  silver”  (995  fine),  or  “trade  silver” 
(960  to  970  fine). 


The  principal  Taels  are: — 


Value  in  U.  S. 

Weight  Grams  Currency 


Amoy 

Canton 

Cheefoo 

Chinkiang 

Foochow 

Haikwan  (Customs) 

Hankow 

Kiaochow 

Nankin 

Niuchwang 

Ningpo 

Peking 

Shanghai 

Swatow 

Takow 

Tientsin 


36.887 

36.775 

35.279 

36.033 

34.120 
37.532 
34.512 
35.744 
36.501 
34.591 
35.464 
35.960 
33.693 
34.073 

37.120 
35.744 


$0.9019 

.8992 

.8626 

.8810 

.8343 

.9177 

.8439 

.8740 

.8925 

.8458 

.8671 

.8793 

.8238 

.8331 

.9076 

.8740 


4 G 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  common  subdivisions  of  the  Tael  are: — 

1 Tael  = 10  Mace 

1 Mace  = 10  Candereens 

1 Candereen  = 10  Cash. 

Taels  may  be  divided  into  four  distinct  classes : 

1.  The  Customs  Tael 

2.  The  Treasury  Tael 

3.  The  Local  Tael 

4.  The  Commodity  Tael. 

The  CUSTOMS  or  HAIKWAN  Tael  is  a money  of  account 
only. 

Customs  duties  are  actually  paid  in  other  currencies, 
figured  on  the  bases  of  weights  contained  in  the  foregoing 
table.  Exchange  rates  for  Haikwan  Taels  in  foreign  currencies 
are  settled  each  month  by  the  Customs  authorities  and  depend 
on  the  foreign  Banks’  rate  of  exchange  ruling  at  the  time. 

The  TREASURY  or  KUPING  Tael  is  also  a theoretical 
unit  and  is  used  in  calculating  all  dues  other  than  Customs 
duties. 

Recently  the  Republic  has  shown  a tendency  to  adopt  the 
“Dollar”  (which  will  be  referred  to  later)  in  preference  to 
other  currencies  in  payment  of  dues,  so  that  it  is  possible  this 
Tael  will  eventually  fall  into  disuse. 

The  LOCAL  Tael.  Details  of  the  principal  local  Taels  are 
given  in  the  foregoing  table. 

The  COMMODITY  Tael  is  a weight  of  silver  varying  ac- 
cording to  the  merchandise  being  bought  or  sold — the  weight 
being  greater  or  lesser  according  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
scales  are  manipulated. 

“DOLLAR.”  There  are  several  varieties  of  Dollars  in 
circulation  among  which  are  the  following: 

MEXICAN  DOLLAR 
STRAITS  DOLLAR 
HONG-KONG  DOLLAR 
SPANISH  (Carolus)  DOLLAR 
AMERICAN  TRADE  DOLLAR 
Various  CHINESE  TRADE  DOLLARS. 

CHINESE  DOLLARS.  Years  ago  practically  no  restric- 
tion was  imposed  on  the  output  of  the  various  Chinese  Mints, 
consequently  different  weights  and  fineness  will  be  found  in 


47 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


each  variety  of  these  Dollars.  Such  coins  seldom  circulate  out- 
side of  the  Province  in  which  they  were  issued  and  are  now 
being  gradually  withdrawn  from  circulation.  The  only  Pro- 
vincial Dollar  of  this  kind  which  is  of  interest  is  the  PEIYANG 
Dollar  which  circulates  chiefly  in  North  China. 

A Dollar  coin  weighing  416  grains  .900  fine  was  put  into 
circulation  soon  after  the  formation  of  the  Republic  and  was 
adopted  by  the  Chinese  Government  as  the  money  of  account. 
This  coin  bears  the  stamp  of  the  Republic  and  an  effigy  of 
Yuan  Shih  K’ai.  As,  however,  these  coins  were  not  minted  in 
one  specified  mint,  and  not  always  under  expert  supervision, 
there  were  numerous  deviations  from  the  theoretical  standard. 
As  a matter  of  fact  recent  analysis  has  shown  that  the  Dollars 
minted  in  1915  are  .892  fine,  those  minted  in  1918,  894.4  fine, 
and  others  only  .891  and  .889. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Governor  General  of  the  Yun  Nan 
Province,  Tong  Chai  Yao,  has  issued  5 and  10  Dollar  Gold  coins 
without  the  consent  of  the  Chinese  Government.  The  coins 
bear  a likeness  of  the  Governor  General  and  the  value  in 
Chinese  characters.  They  are  said  to  be  in  general  use  all 
over  the  Yun  Nan  Province. 

“SMALL  COINS.”  These  consist  principally  of  20,  10  and 
5 cent  silver  pieces,  and  1 cent  copper. 

“NOTES.”  From  time  to  time  an  enormous  number  of 
Bank  and  Military  Notes  have  been  issued  but  it  is  quite  un- 
necessary— in  fact  impossible — to  give  details  of  the  local  is- 
sues which  include  the  Provincial  Bank  Notes. 

Legislation  has  recently  been  introduced  placing  restric- 
tions upon  the  issue  of  Notes  and  at  this  time  only  Govern- 
ment Banks  are  supposed  to  be  allowed  this  privilege. 

These  restrictions  do  not  apply  to  foreign  Banks  as  they 
are  not  under  Chinese  jurisdiction,  hence  such  Banks  continue 
to  issue  their  own  Notes. 


The  following  Banks  issue  Notes  in  TAELS: 


Name  of  Bank 

Denominations 

Chartered  Bank  of  India,  Australia  and  China 

5 

10 

50 

100 

Commercial  Bank  of  China 

1 

5 

10 

50 

Hong-Kong  and  Shanghai  Banking  Corporation 

1 

5 

10 

50 

International  Banking  Corporation 

5 

10 

100 

48 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  following  Banks  issue  Notes  in  SHANGHAI 
DOLLARS: 


Name  of  Bank 

Denominations 

Asia  Banking  Corporation 

1 

5 

10 

20 

100 

Banque  Beige  pour  l’Etranger 

5 

10 

50 

Bank  of  Canton,  Ltd. 

1 

5 

10 

100 

Chartered  Bank  of  India,  Australia  and  China 

1 

5 

10 

50 

100 

Bank  of  China 

1 

5 

10 

Commercial  Bank  of  China 

5 

10 

50 

Bank  of  Communications 

1 

5 

10 

100 

Hong-Kong  and  Shanghai  Banking  Corporation 

1 

5 

10 

50 

100 

Banque  Industrielle  de  Chine 

5 

10 

50 

100 

500 

International  Banking  Corporation 

1 

5 

10 

50 

Mercantile  Bank,  Ltd. 

5 

10 

50 

Netherlands  Trading  Society 

5 

10 

Ningpo  Commercial  Bank,  Ltd. 

1 

2 

5 

10 

Russo-Asiatic  Bank 

5 

10 

50 

100 

Bank  of  Taiwan,  Ltd. 

5 

10 

Yokohama  Specie  Bank,  Ltd. 

1 

5 

10 

50 

100 

It  is  understood  that  the  Government  of  China  has  de- 
cided to  establish  a head  mint  at  Shanghai,  and  has  appointed 
a committee  to  make  the  necessary  arrangements.  It  is  pre- 
sumed the  mint  will  be  under  the  control  of  a Currency  Com- 
mission. 


COCOS-KEELING  ISLANDS 

See  Ceylon. 


COCHIN-CHINA 

See  French  Indo-China. 

COREA 

Currency  same  as  Japan. 

NOTES:  The  Bank  of  Chosen  issues  notes  in  denomina- 
tions of  Yen  100,  10,  5 and  1.  Japanese  Treasury  Notes  for 
Sen  50,  20  and  10  also  circulate. 

Bank  of  Chosen  notes  are  legal  tender  to  any  amount. 

FEDERATED  MALAY  STATES 

See  Straits  Settlements. 


49 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


HENJAM  (Kishm  Island) 

Currency  same  as  that  of  British  India  with  the  addition 
of  Persian  coins.  Its  proximity  to  Muscat  accounts  for  a 
certain  amount  of  Maria  Theresa  Dollars  in  circulation. 

HONG  KONG 

Unit:  1 Dollar  = 100  Cents.  U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.4658 
Silver  Coins  $1.00,  50,  20,  10  and  5 Cents. 

Brass  Coins  1 Cent  and  “Cash”  (the  latter  nominally 
10  = 1 Cent). 

The  “Cash”  although  a foreign  coin — being  minted  in 
China — is  unofficially  incorporated  in  the  circulating  medium 
of  Hong  Kong. 

The  circulation  of  all  other  foreign  coins  is  prohibited 
but  they  may  be  exchanged  with  the  money  changers. 

The  following  three  Banks  issue  notes: 

The  Hong  Kong  and  Shanghai  Banking  Corporation 
The  Chartered  Bank  of  India,  Australia  and  China 
The  Mercantile  Bank  of  India,  Ltd. 
in  denominations  of  $500,  100,  50,  25,  10,  5 and  1. 

INDIA  (BRITISH) 

Gold  Exchange  Standard. 

fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.48665. 
Unit:  Rupee  = 16  Annas,  "[sterling  Par  Value,  24d. 

3 Pies  = 1 Pice 

4 Pice  = 1 Anna 
16  Annas  = 1 Rupee 
10  Rupees  = £1  Sterling 

100,000  “ =1  Lakh  (written  Rs.  1,00,000) 

100  Lakhs  = 1 Crore. 

COINS: 

Copper  Pie  1,  Pice  V2  and  1,  and  Anna  V2 
Nickel  Annas  1,  2,  4 and  8 

Silver  “ 2,  4,  8 and  Rupee  1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Government  of  India 
through  its  Currency  Offices  at  Bombay,  Calcutta,  Madras, 


50 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Karachi,  Lahore,  Cawnpore  and  Rangoon  (Burmah),  in  de- 
nominations of  Rupees  10,000,  1,000  and  500,  which  are  ex- 
changable  at  par  at  places  of  issue,  but  at  a discount  of  Annas 
4%  at  other  points,  and  denominations  of  Rupees  100,  50,  10, 
5,  5 y2  and  1,  which  are  accepted  all  over  India  and  Burmah  at 
par.  There  are  no  notes  issued  other  than  those  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Booklets  containing  25  Notes  for  Rupee  1 each  have  re- 
cently been  issued.  It  is  said  these  have  proved  to  be  very 
popular. 

The  following  gold  coins  although  minted  have  never  been 
in  free  circulation  and  have  only  been  dealt  in  as  a commodity. 
Double  Mohur  old  value  Rupees  30;  new  standard  Rupees  20 

Mohur  “ “ “ 15;  “ “ “ 10 

% Mohur  “ “ “ 10;  “ “ “ 6 a.10  p.8 

Vs  Mohur  “ “ “ 5;  “ “ “ 3 a.  5 p.4 

Previous  to  1914  practically  the  only  gold  coin  in  circula- 
tion was  the  British  Sovereign,  but  gold  today  is  seldom  seen. 

INDIA  (FRENCH) 

The  only  legal  tender  in  the  French  Settlements  of  India 
is  the  note  issue  of  the  Banque  de  lTndo-Chine.  These  notes 
are  in  denominations  of  Rupees  50,  10  and  1.  Actually  the 
coins  and  notes  of  British  India  are  in  free  circulation  and  are 
practically  current. 

For  trade  purposes  the  natives  divide  the  Rupee  into  8 
FANONS  of  24  CACHES  each. 

INDIA  (PORTUGUESE) 

Unit:  Portuguese  Silver  Rupee  (or  Rupia)  similar  to  the 
British  Indian  Rupee. 

COINS: 


Copper 

1/12 

Tanga 

= 1 

Real 

n 

Vs 

a 

= iy2 

Reis 

u 

% 

u 

= 3 

a 

a 

% 

a 

= 6 

a 

Silver 

Vs 

Rupee 

(or  Rupia)  = 2 

Tang 

a 

% 

a 

= 4 

ii 

a 

l/2 

a 

= 8 

a 

a 

1 

a 

= 16 

a 

51 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NOTES  are  issued  by  the  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino 
for  Rupees  50,  20,  10  and  5,  convertible  into  silver  at  par  at 
any  of  the  Bank’s  branches  in  the  Colony.  The  Portuguese 
Rupee  is  the  only  legal  currency,  but  actually  British  Indian 
Notes  and  coins  circulate  very  largely.  In  the  Export  Trade 
the  £1  Sterling  is  generally  used  for  quotations,  etc. 

INDO  CHINA  (FRENCH) 

Unit:  Piastre  = 100  Cents  = 500  Sapeques. 

COINS: 

Bronze  Sapeque  1,  Cent  1 
Silver  Piastre  1/10,  %,  % and  1* 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  La  Banque  de  l’lndo  Chine 
in  denominations  of  Piastres  100,  50,  25,  10,  5,  1 and  also 
for  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10  and  5. 

Francs  5 are  reckoned  as  equivalent  to  Piastre  1. 

JAPAN 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Yen  = 100  Sen  JU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.49846. 

= 1,000  Rin.  ^Sterling  Par  Value,  24.5819d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Rin  5,  Sen  1 

Nickel  Sen  5 and  10 

Silver  Sen  20  and  50 

Gold  Yen  5,  10  and  20 

N.  B. — The  50  Sen  silver  coins  has  not  yet  been  issued. 
In  addition  to  the  above  the  following  coins  are  still  in 
circulation,  but  are  gradually  being  withdrawn. 

Issued  in  accordance  with  the  Coinage  Regulation  of  1871 : 
Copper  Sen  1/2  > 1 and  2 

Nickel  Sen  5 

Silver  Sen  5,  10,  20  and  50 

Gold  Yen  1,  2,  5,  10  and  20 
Issued  in  accordance  with  the  Coinage  Law  of  1897  pre- 
vious to  its  amendment  in  1920: 

Copper  Rin  5,  Sen  1 

Nickel  Sen  5 

Silver  Sen  10,  20  and  50 


52 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Minted  prior  to  the  restoration : 

Bronze  Rin  2,  1%  and  1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Bank  of  Japan  in  de- 
nominations of  Yen  100,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 

Government  Fractional  Notes  (in  accordance  with  the 
Imperial  Ordinance  No.  CC11,  of  October  30,  1917)  were  issued 
in  denominations  of  Sen  50,  20  and  10. 

Gold  Coin  is  legal  tender  up  to  any  amount. 

Silver  “ “ “ “ “ “ Yen  10 

Nickel  “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 5 

Copper  “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 1. 


LACCADIVE  ISLANDS 

See  British  India. 


MALABAR  COAST 

See  British  India. 

MALDIVE  ISLANDS 

See  British  India. 


MANCHURIA 

In  common  with  China  as  a whole  Manchuria  has  no 
standard  currency,  each  province  having  its  own  particular 
variety. 

The  principal  monies  in  circulation  are: 

METALLIC  CURRENCY: 

Cash  (Chinese  Chichien.) 

Copper  Coins  (Tungyuan) 

Silver  Dollar  (Yangchien  or  Yinyuan) 

Sycee  (Yinting) 

Japanese  Yen  and  subsidiary  coins 
Hong-Kong  Dollar 
Mexican  Dollar 
Russian  Coins. 


53 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NOTES: 

Government  Notes  (Kuantieh) 

Copper  Coin  Notes  (Tungyuanpiao) 

Silver  Dollar  Notes  (Yangchienpiao) 

Russian  Rouble  Notes  (Chiangtieh  or  Etieh) 

Bank  Notes  (Yinpiao)  issued  by  The  Yokohama  Specie 
Bank,  The  Bank  of  Chosen,  and  The  Bank  of  Japan. 

MESOPOTAMIA 

Previous  to  Turkey's  entrance  into  the  war  in  1914  the 
currency  of  this  portion  of  Turkey-in-Asia  was  principally  that 
of  Turkey  proper,  but  British  Gold  circulated  freely.  In  ad- 
dition, Persian  money  circulated  to  some  extent  as  well  as 
various  coins  brought  into  the  country  by  local  traders.  The 
Hamburg-American  Line  steamers,  which  used  to  call  at  Bas- 
rah, were  mainly  responsible  for  the  circulation  of  a certain 
number  of  gold  Marks.  Since  the  British  occupation  gold  has 
entirely  disappeared  from  circulation  and  in  the  area  roughly 
bound  by  Basrah,  Nasiriyeh,  Baghdad,  Kut-el-Amarah,  and 
Amarah,  practically  the  whole  of  the  money  in  circulation 
comprises  the  notes  and  coins  of  British  India;  in  fact,  the 
Rupee  is  in  circulation  as  far  north  as  Tekrit  and  even  Mosul. 

NEGRI  SEMBILAN  F.  M.  S. 

See  Straits  Settlements. 

NICOBAR  ISLANDS 

See  British  India. 

PAHANG  F.  M.  S. 

See  Straits  Settlements. 

PERAK  F.  M.  S. 

See  Straits  Settlements. 

PERIM 

See  Aden. 


54 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


PERSIA 


Silver  Standard. 

Unit : Kran  = 20  Shahi 


rU.  S. 

•{u.s. 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.0799  (Silver) 
Par  Value,  $1.7193  (Gold) 


2 Pul  = 

1 Shahi 

= 50 

Dinars 

4 Shahis  = 

1 Abbassi 

5 “ = 

10  Pul 

= % 

Kran 

20  “ = 

1 Kran 

= 1,000 

Dinars 

1 Dohezari  = 

Vs  Toman 

1 Penzhezari  = 

% “ 

10  Krans  = 

1 “ 

= 10,000 

a 

COINS: 

Nickel  Shahis 

1 and  2 

Silver  “ 

3,  5 and  10, 

Krans  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  Tomans 

1/5,  i/2,  1 and 

2. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Imperial  Bank  of  Persia 
in  denominations  of  Tomans  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  25,  20,  10,  5, 
3,  2 and  1. 

Like  many  of  its  neighbors  Persia  has  an  imaginary  cur- 
rency in  which  accounts  are  kept.  The  unit  of  this  “money 
of  account”  is  an  imaginary  coin  termed  “Dinar”  equal  to 
1/10,000  part  of  a Toman  of  10  Krans.  Gold  coins  are  not  in 
circulation  as  most  of  those  already  issued  are  hoarded,  and 
none  of  the  higher  values  have  been  minted  for  some  years. 

Owing  to  the  old  silver  coins  having  been  minted  in  vari- 
ous provinces  and  not  under  the  direct  control  of  the  govern- 
ment the  weights  are  found  to  be  very  irregular. 

Although  bronze  coins  were  demonetized  in  1900  and  have 
no  lawful  currency  they  continue  in  general  use.  The  nickel 
coins  do  not  find  ready  acceptance  in  some  provinces. 

British  Indian  Rupee  Notes  and  coins  will  be  found  in  cir- 
culation in  Mohammerah,  Abadan  (the  end  of  the  Anglo-Per- 
sian  Oil  Company's  Line  from  Tembi-Ahwaz)  and  the  ports 
of  Bushire  and  Bunder  Abbas.  Some  British  Indian  Currency 
is  also  in  circulation  in  the  northwest  around  Kermanshah 
and  Hamadan. 


PONDICHERY 

See  French  India. 


55 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


SELANGOR  F.  M.  S. 

See  Straits  Settlements. 


SIAM 


Gold  Exchange  Standard. 
Unit:  Silver  Tical  = 

4 Salung  = 100  Satung. 


t 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.3709. 
Sterling  Par  Value,  13  Ticals 
= £1  or  1/6 V2  per  Tical. 


COINS: 

Bronze  Satung  1 = 1/100  Tical 

Nickel  “ 5=  1/20  “ 

“ “ 10=  1/10  “ 

Silver  Salung  1 = % “ 

“ “2=  % “ 

“ Tical  1 = 4 Salung 

Gold  “ 10  (not  yet  issued). 


NOTES:  The  Government  issues  notes  for  Ticals  1,000, 
100,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 

The  Tical  is  legal  tender  to  any  amount,  subsidiary  silver 
coins  up  to  5 Ticals,  and  nickel  and  bronze  coins  to  the  value 
of  1 Tical. 

The  fineness  of  the  subsidiary  silver  coins  has  been  altered 
from  time  to  time;  in  1919  the  fineness  was  reduced  to  .650, 
in  January  1920  it  was  reduced  from  .650  to  .500,  and  in 
August  1920  was  restored  to  .650. 


STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 

Unit:  Dollar  = 100  Cents-  U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.5678. 
COINS: 

Copper  Cents  % and  1 

Nickel  “ 5 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  20,  50  and  $1. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Currency  Commissioners 
on  behalf  of  the  Straits  Settlements  Government  in  denomina- 
tions of  $1,000,  100,  50,  10,  5 and  1,  and  10  Cents. 

Of  the  old  notes  issued  by  the  Chartered  Bank  of  India, 
Australia  and  China,  and  the  Hong-Kong  & Shanghai  Bank- 
ing Corporation  S.  S.  $250,185  is  outstanding.  This  balance 
is  covered  by  securities  lodged  in  London  with  the  Crown 


56 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Agent  for  the  Colonies,  these  banks  at  the  request  of  the  Gov- 
ernment having  relinquished  their  note-issuing  rights. 

The  new  1 Cent  coin  is  of  a square  pattern.  The  20,  10 
and  5 Cents  silver  coins  are  pieces  of  an  old  issue  still  in  cir- 
culation, but  are  no  longer  re-issued.  At  the  time  of  writing 
there  is  very  little  silver  in  circulation. 

The  fineness  of  S.  S.  Dollars  and  Half  Dollars  was  re- 
duced from  .600  to  .550  by  a Decree  of  October  29th,  1919. 


Central  Asia 


BOKHARA 

1 Tila  = 44  Tangas  = Rouble  6.60 

1 Tanga  = Kopeks  15 

1 Yakmire  = 8 Faloussisorkha  = “ 4 

1 Faloussisorkha  = Kopek  y2. 

Indian,  Russian  and  Persian  coins  circulate  in  addition  to 
the  above-mentioned. 


KHIVA 

Indian,  Russian  and  Persian  currencies  circulate. 

Khiva  has  some  old  coins  of  its  own,  viz.,  the  Tila,  a gold 
coin  worth  about  5 Russian  Silver  Roubles,  and  the  Tenga, 
a small  silver  coin. 


Asia  Minor 


ARMENIA  (Republic  of) 

At  the  present  time  the  limits  of  this  country  have  not 
been  defined  and  information  relative  to  conditions  generally 
is  very  vague. 

Currency  of  all  sorts  is  in  circulation,  principally  all  kinds 
of  Roubles,  Francs  and  Krans.  The  Government  of  the  Re- 
public has  issued  notes  for  Roubles  250,  100  and  50. 


57 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


AZERBAIJAN 


See  Georgia. 

GEORGIA  (Republic  of)  TRANSCAUCASIA 
and  AZERBAIJAN 

There  are  in  circulation  in  these  countries  besides  Turkish, 
Persian  and  French  currency  the  following  six  varieties  of 
Roubles : 

1.  IMPERIAL  Roubles  which  have  been  hoarded  and  are 
only  in  circulation  to  a limited  extent. 

2.  KERENSKY  Roubles  which  are  being  forced  out  of 
circulation  on  account  of  local  decrees. 

3.  DON  Roubles  circulating  only  in  Batoum. 

4.  TRANSCAUCASIAN  Roubles  which  are  issued  by 
these  States  are  in  circulation  in  all  three  countries, 

but  are  beginning  to  disappear. 

# 

5.  GEORGIA  Roubles  current  only  in  Georgia. 

6.  AZERBAIJAN  Roubles  current  only  in  Azerbaijan. 

Rouble  Equivalents 

100.  Imperial  = 250  Transcaucasian 

1000.  Kerensky  = 750  “ 

1000.  Don  = 350 

105.25  Georgia  =:  100  “ 

105.25  Azerbaijan  = 100  “ 

SYRIA 

Unit:  Syrian  Pound  = 100  Piastres  = 2,000  Centimes. 

Previous  to  the  occupation  of  Beirut  by  the  French,  al- 
though the  country  was  a dependency  of  Turkey,  Turkish 
coins  (with  the  exception  of  gold)  did  not  circulate  to  any 
extent,  French  Francs  and  English  Gold  being  more  accept- 
able. 


Since  1918  notes  have  been  issued  by  the  Bank  of  Syria 
in  denominations  of  Pounds  100,  50,  25,  10,  5 and  1,  and 


58 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Piastres  50,  25,  20,  10,  5,  2 and  1,  which  are  payable  at  sight 
either  in  Syrian  Piastres  or  by  check  or  equivalent  on  Paris  at 
the  rate  of  20  Centimes  per  Piastre. 

It  is  understood  that  the  price  of  the  new  Syrian  paper 
money  has  been  fixed  by  a financial  committee  of  the  Imperial 
Ottoman  Bank  and  the  Bank  of  Syria  as  follows: 

100.00  Syrian  Piastres  will  equal  61  Turkish  gold  Piastres. 

275.90  44  44  44  “ £E1  or  100  Egyptian 

Piastres. 

TRANSCAUCASIA 


See  Georgia. 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


AUSTRALASIA 

AND 

OCEANIA 


AUSTRALIA 

Currency  same  equivalents  as  Great  Britain,  but  the  coins 
are  of  a special  design.  British  coins  also  circulate. 

The  Government  has  recently  decided  to  make  all  Aus- 
tralian coinage  in  the  country  instead  of  the  bronze  coins 
being  minted  in  London  and  Calcutta  as  formerly.  It  is  sug- 
gested that  the  proposed  new  coins  will  bear  on  the  reverse  a 
reproduction  of  the  Kookaburra  (a  distinctive  Australian  bird) 
but  at  the  time  of  writing  it  is  not  known  whether  this  design 
has  received  official  approval. 

It  is  understood  that  shortly  there  will  be  a new  issue  of 
nickel  Id.  and  V2CL  coins. 

NOTES:  The  Government  of  the  Commonwealth  issues 
notes  for  £1,000,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  1 and  10/ — . 

The  following  are  the  principal  Banks  which  issued  notes : 

The  Australian  Bank  of  Commerce 
The  Bank  of  New  South  Wales,  Ltd. 

The  Bank  of  Victoria,  Ltd. 

The  Bank  of  Australasia,  Ltd. 

The  Colonial  Bank  of  Australasia 

The  Commercial  Bank  of  Australia,  Ltd. 

The  National  Bank  of  Australia 
The  Queensland  Bank,  Ltd. 

The  Union  Bank  of  Australia,  Ltd. 

Issues  in  denominations  of  £100,  50,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 

All  Bank  Notes  are  being  withdrawn  as  presented,  and 
will  not  be  re-issued. 


GO 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


BRITISH  NORTH  BORNEO 

Currency  based  on  the  Straits  Settlements  Dollar. 
COINS: 

Copper  Cent  i/2  and  1 

Nickel  Cents  1,  2*/2  and  5. 

Straits  Settlements  silver  is  current  at  par. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Local  Government  in 
denominations  of  $25,  10,  5,  1 and  Cents  50  and  25. 

Straits  Settlements  Notes  are  current  at  par  in  this 
Colony. 

British  North  Borneo  currency  is  at  a discount  in  the 
Straits  Settlements. 


DUTCH  BORNEO 

See  Dutch  East  Indies. 

CHATHAM  ISLAND 

See  New  Zealand. 

COOK  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain. 

DUTCH  EAST  INDIES 

Equivalents  same  as  Netherlands. 

COINS: 

Copper  Cents  1 and  2*4 

Nickel  “ 5 

Silver  “ 10,  25,  50,  Guilders  1 and  2% 

Gold  Guilders  5 and  10. 

NOTES:  The  Javasche  Bank  issues  notes  for  Guilders 
1,000,  500,  300,  200,  100,  60,  50,  40,  30,  25,  20,  10  and  5. 

ELLICE  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain. 


61 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


FIJI 

Currrency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

NOTES  issued  by  the  Bank  of  New  South  Wales  and  the 
Bank  of  New  Zealand  are  in  circulation,  but  are  not  legal 
tender.  Government  Notes  of  £1,  10/ — and  5/ — have  been 
issued  and  are  in  general  use. 

GUAM 

Currency  same  as  that  of  United  States. 

HAWAII 

Same  Currency  as  United  States. 

The  old  coinage  has  only  bullion  value. 

HONOLULU 

See  Hawaii. 

JAVA 

See  Dutch  East  Indies. 

LABUAN 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Hong  Kong. 

The  Dollar  is  legal  tender  to  any  amount,  and  subsidiary 
coins  in  payment  of  sums  not  exceeding  $2. 

NEW  HEBRIDES 

Both  French  and  British  coins  and  notes  are  in  circula- 
tion but  French  Currency  predominates. 

There  are  no  Banks. 

NEW  ZEALAND 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain  and  British  Sterling 
coins  are  the  only  legal  metallic  currency. 

There  is  no  mint  in  New  Zealand;  silver  and  bronze  coins 


62 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


are  imported  from  Great  Britain  and  gold  coins  from  Aus- 
tralia. 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Banks  as  follows: 


Bank  of  New  Zealand 
Union  Bank  of  Australia,  Ltd. 

Bank  of  New  South  Wales 
Bank  of  Australasia 
National  Bank  of  New  Zealand,  Ltd. 
Commercial  Bank  of  Australia,  Ltd. 


10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100 
10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  20,  and  50 
10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  20,  50,  and  100 
10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  and  50 
10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  20,  and  50 
10/—,  £1,  5,  10,  50,  and  100 


In  August,  1914,  these  Bank  Notes  were  made  legal  ten- 
der in  New  Zealand  and  under  present  legislation  will  remain 
so  until  December  31,  1922. 


PENRHYN  ISLAND 

See  New  Zealand. 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 

fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.50. 

Unit:  Peso=100  Centavos.  jsterling  Par  Value,  24.658d. 
COINS: 

Bronze  Centavos  V2  and  1 

Nickel  “ 5 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  50  and  Peso  1. 

NOTES:  The  Government  of  the  Philippine  Islands  issued 
notes  in  denominations  of  Pesos  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5, 
2 and  1 ; these  notes  are  being  recalled. 

The  Philippine  National  Bank  issues  notes  in  denomina- 
tions of  Pesos  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2 and  1,  and  Cen- 
tavos 50,  20  and  10. 

United  States  gold  coins  are  legal  tender  at  the  rate  of 
$1.00  for  Pesos  2.  The  silver  Peso  is  legal  tender  for  any 
amount;  subsidiary  silver  coins  to  an  amount  of  Pesos  10,  and 
nickel  and  bronze  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  Peso  1. 

SAMOA 

Currency  same  equivalents  as  Great  Britain. 

NOTES:  At  present  notes  issued  by  the  Bank  of  New 

Zealand  overprinted  “Government  of  Samoa  Currency  Note” 


63 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


are  current  in  denominations  of  £5,  1 and  10/ — . These  notes, 
however,  will  soon  be  recalled  and  be  substituted  by  Samoa 
Currency  Notes  which  are  now  in  course  of  being  printed.  It 
is  anticipated  that  the  change  will  be  made  during  the  end  of 
this  present  year,  1921. 

Previous  to  the  outbreak  of  the  War  in  1914  German 
Notes  and  coinage  were  in  use. 

SARAWAK 

See  British  North  Borneo. 

SOLOMON  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain. 

SUMATRA 

See  Dutch  East  Indies. 

TASMANIA 

See  Australia. 

TIMOR 

The  currency  of  this  Portuguese  Colony  is  the  Mexican 
Silver  Dollar  and  Hong  Kong  Dollar  equivalents. 

NOTES  are  issued  by  the  Banco  Nacional  Ultramarino 
in  denominations  of  Mexican  $1,  5,  10  and  20  which  are  con- 
vertible into  other  currencies  at  the  parity  of  the  Hong  Kong 
Dollar. 


64 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


EUROPE 


ALAND  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  Finland. 

ALBANIA 

See  Jugoslavia. 

The  old  Turkish  Currency  circulated  in  Albania  up  to 
August  1914,  and  as  in  Turkey,  the  value  of  the  piastre  varied 
according  to  the  locality.  Gold  Coins  were  at  a high  premium. 

ALSACE-LORRAINE 

Currency  same  as  that  of  France  with  the  addition  of 
sundry  Municipal  issues  of  Notes  in  denominations  of  Franks 
2 and  1. 


AUSTRIA  (German) 

Gold  Standard. 

fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.2026. 

Unit:  Krone  = 100  Hellers,  |sterling  Par  Value,  9.9927d. 

COINS: 

Iron  Hellers  1,  2,  10  and  20 

Bronze  “ 1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 10  and  20 

Silver  Krone  1,  Kronen  2 and  5 

Gold  Kronen  10,  20  and  100. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Oesterreichisch-Ungar- 
ische  Bank  in  denominations  of  Kr.  1,  2,  10,  20,  50,  100,  1000 
and  10,000. 

The  Financial  Bureau  of  the  Government  of  the  Republic 
legalized  these  notes  by  stamping  the  word  “Deutschoester- 
reich”  vertically  across  the  face.  All  notes  with  horizontal 
stamp  have  been  recalled.  Although  these  notes  are  at  the 
time  of  writing  the  only  paper  legal  tender  in  Austria,  there  is 


65 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


a great  number  of  unstamped  notes  still  in  circulation.  The 
stamped  notes  are  termed  “Deutschoesterreichische  Kronen” 
(or  German- Austrian  Kronen).  The  unstamped  notes  are 
usually  figured  at  a discount  of  about  30%  from  the  price  of 
the  stamped  notes. 

At  this  time  there  is  practically  no  metallic  currency  in 
circulation. 


BELGIUM 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Franc  = 100 


Centimes. 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
Stg.  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


COINS: 

Copper  Centimes  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 5 (Sou),  10  and  25 

Silver  “ 50,  Francs  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  Francs  5,  10,  20,  50  and  100. 

All  non-perforated  nickel  coins  are  demonetized. 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  National  Bank  of  Bel- 
gium in  denominations  of  Francs  500,  100,  50,  20,  5,  2 and  1, 
and  by  the  Societe  Generale  de  Belgique  in  denominations  of 
Francs  1,000,  100,  20,  5,  2 and  1. 


BESSARABIA 

Currency  same  as  Russia. 


BOHEMIA 

See  Czecho  Slovakia. 


See  Jugoslavia. 


BOSNIA 


BUKOWINA 

See  Roumania. 


66 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


BULGARIA 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Lev  = 100  Stotinki 

COINS: 

Copper  Stotinka  1,  Stotinki  2 

Nickel  Stotinki  5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 50,  Lev  1,  Leva  2 and  5 

Gold  Leva  10,  20  and  100. 

Before  1914  a considerable  quantity  of  French  coins  was 
in  circulation,  but  today  there  is  practically  no  metallic  cur- 
rency in  circulation. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Bank  of  Bulgaria  in 
denominations  of  Leva  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 

CARNIOLA 

See  Jugoslavia. 

CHANNEL  ISLANDS 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
Stg.  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


Guernsey 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain,  but  with  the  addition 
of  the  following  copper  coins: 

Doubles  1,  2,  4 and  8 

Eight  Doubles  are  roughly  equivalent  to  Id. 

French  currency  circulates  to  some  extent. 

NOTES:  Notes  for  £1  are  issued  by: 

The  Guernsey  Commercial  Banking  Co.,  Ltd., 

and 

The  Guernsey  Banking  Co.,  Ltd. 

The  State  of  Guernsey  also  issues  notes  in  denomina- 
tions of  £1,  10/ — and  5/ — . 

The  Guernsey  £1  note  is  at  a discount  in  Great  Britain. 

Jersey 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain,  but  the  island  has  its 
own  special  Id.  and  y%d.  coins  of  bronze. 

NOTES:  British  Treasury  and  Bank  of  England 

Notes  are  in  circulation. 


67 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


CRETE 

Currency  same  as  Greece. 

CROATIA 

See  Jugoslavia. 

CYPRUS 

Unit:  Piastre  (C.P.)  = 40  Paras  — l^d.,  or  Piastres 
180  = £1  Sterling. 

COINS: 

Copper  Piastre  *4 

“ “ V2 

“ “ 1 = 40  Paras 

Silver  “ 3 = 4d. 

“ “ 41/2  = 6d. 

“ “ 9 = 1/—. 

“ “ 18  = 2/—. 

Gold  £1  Sterling  (Sovereign). 

Copper  is  legal  tender  up  to  27  piastres  or  3/ — ; silver  is 
legal  tender  up  to  540  paras  or  £3,  and  Sovereigns  to  any 
amount.  The  Half-sovereign  (10/ — ) is  not  legal  tender. 

NOTES:  The  Local  Government  issues  notes  for  £10,  5, 
1,  10/ — , 5/ — , 2/ — , 1/ — . No  banks  in  Cyprus  issue  notes. 
Both  British  Treasury  Notes  and  Bank  of  England  Notes  are 
in  circulation,  but  they  are  not  legal  tender,  only  Cyprus 
Government  Notes  having  this  distinction. 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA 

Unit:  1 Kronen  fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.20263. 

100  Fillers  or  Hellers.  [Sterling  Par  Value,  9.9927d- 

COINS: 

Bronze  Hellers  1 and  2 
Iron  “ 1,  2,  10  and  20 

Nickel  “ 10  and  20 

Silver  Kronen  1,  2 and  5. 


68 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Banking  Office  of  the 
Ministry  of  Finance  at  Prague  in  denominations  of  Kronen 
10,000,  5,000,  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 

The  present  Czechoslovak  currency  developed  from  the 
former  Austro-Hungarian  currency.  In  February  1919,  after 
the  overthrow  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  regime,  the  Czecho- 
slovak Government  stamped  all  the  Austro-Hungarian  Bank 
Notes  then  circulating  in  the  territory,  afterwards  exchang- 
ing these  stamped  Bank  Notes  for  the  new  States  Notes. 

The  old  Kr.  100  notes  (printed  blue)  and  the  Kr.  5,000 
notes  (printed  red — square  form)  have  been  recalled  and  will 
be  exchanged  at  the  Banking  Office  of  the  Ministry  of  Finance 
at  Prague;  the  former  until  February  28,  1923,  and  the  latter 
until  April  15,  1923. 

The  new  monetary  laws  of  Czecho-Slovakia  provide  that 
so  soon  as  the  financial  condition  of  the  Republic  is  stabilized 
a National  Bank  shall  be  established  to  which  the  State  will 
cede  the  right  to  issue  Bank  Notes.  It  is  not  the  intention  of 
the  Government  to  grant  this  right  to  any  private  bank. 

DANZIG  (Free  State  of) 

Currency  same  as  Germany. 


DENMARK 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Krone  = 100  ore- 

COINS: 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.26799. 

Stg.  Par  Value  Kr.  18.159=£1. 


Iron  Ore  1,  ore  2 and  5 

Bronze  “ 1,  “ 2 and  5 

Nickel  ore  10  and  25 

Silver  “ 10  and  25,  Krone  1 and  Kroner  2 

Gold  Kroner  10  and  20. 

Iron,  bronze  and  nickel  coins  are  legal  tender  to  the 
amount  of  1 Krone. 


NOTES:  The  Nationalbanken  I Kj0benhavn  is  the  sole 
note-issuing  Bank  in  the  country.  It  issues  notes  in  denomi- 
nations of  Kr.  500,  100,  50,  10,  5 and  1. 


69 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


ESTHONIA 

The  unit  of  this  new  Republic  is  the  Mark  which  was 
originally  identical  with  the  German  paper  mark. 

FINLAND 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Markka  = JU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 

100  Pennia.  ^Sterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Penni  1,  Pennia  5 and  10 

Silver  Pennia  25  and  50,  Markka  1 and  Markkaa  2. 

Gold  Markkaa  10  and  20. 

NOTES:  Since  1886  the  Finlands  Bank  has  had  the  sole 

privilege  of  issuing  notes.  They  are  issued  in  denominations 
of  Markkaa  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  10,  5 and  1,  and  Pennia  50  and 
25.  The  notes  for  Markka  1 and  Pennia  50  and  25  were  in- 
troduced as  a temporary  war-time  measure  only.  As  soon  as 
the  new  nickel  coins  provided  for  by  an  Amendment,  dated 
December  23rd,  1920,  to  the  Currency  Law  are  put  into  cir- 
culation these  notes  will  be  withdrawn.  It  is  anticipated  that 
the  new  nickel  currency  will  be  issued  during  the  course  of 
this  year,  1921. 


FRANCE 


Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Franc  = 100  centimes 


■{ 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
Sterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d 


COINS: 

Copper  Centimes  1,  2,  5 (Sou)  and  10. 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  25 

Silver  “ 50,  Francs  1,  2 and  5. 

Gold  Francs  5,  10,  20  (Napoleon  or  Louis  d’or), 

40,  50  and  100. 


Since  1914  in  addition  to  the  coins  detailed  above,  a num- 
ber of  the  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the  large  cities  and 
towns  of  France  coined  aluminum  pieces  for  5 and  10  centimes 


70 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


which  were  intended  to  be  used  as  a war-time  measure  only. 
The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  Marseilles  issued  the  first  coins 
ever  minted  from  aluminum. 

The  following  silver  coins  were  demonetized  on  the  27th 
of  June  1897,  and  are  now  only  accepted  at  their  bullion 
values:  Francs  2,  1,  .50,  .25  and  .20  bearing  the  effigies  of 

Napoleon  I.,  Louis  XVIII.,  Charles  X.,  Louis-Phillipe  I.,  and 
Napoleon  III.,  and  coins  of  like  values  of  the  Republic  of  1848. 

NOTES:  The  Bank  of  France  issues  notes  in  denomina- 
tions of  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  20,  10  and  5.  All  Bank  of 
France  Notes  are  legal  tender  throughout  the  country. 

Since  1914  in  order  to  cope  with  the  shortage  of  coins 
the  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  provincial  towns  issued  notes 
for  Francs  2,  1 and  50  Centimes,  but  the  acceptability  of  such 
notes  is  limited  to  the  towns  and  immediate  surroundings 
where  they  have  been  issued;  these  issues  are  so  numerous 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  give  a complete  list  of  them. 


See  Poland. 


GALICIA 


Gold  Standard. 


GERMANY 


Unit:  Mark  = 100 

COINS: 


Pfennige.| 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.2382. 
Stg.  Par  Value,  11.7477d. 


Bronze 

Aluminum 

Iron 

Nickel 

Zinc 

Silver 

Gold 


Pfennige  1 and  2 

“ 1 and  50 

“ 5 and  10 

“ 5,  10  and  25 

“ 10 

“ 50,  Marks  1,  2,  3 and  5 

Marks  10  and  20. 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by: 

1.  The  Reichsbank  in  denominations  of  Marks  1,000, 
100,  50,  20  and  10. 

2.  The  Administration  for  the  National  Debt  Darlehens- 
kassenscheine  in  denominations  of  Marks  50,  20,  5, 

and  1. 


71 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


3.  The  Government  of  the  Republic  — Reichskassen- 
scheine  in  denominations  of  Marks  10  and  5. 

The  50-Mark  Reichsbank  Notes  issued  October  20,  1918, 
and  November  30,  1918,  have  been  recalled. 

To  minimize  the  inconvenience  caused  by  lack  of  small 
coin  a number  of  the  larger  cities  and  municipalities  issued 
small  notes  for  Pfennige  50,  10  and  5.  These  are  considered 
to  be  a temporary  measure  only  and  will  be  absorbed  as  and 
when  convenient  by  the  authorities. 

The  following  private  banks  also  issue  notes,  which,  how- 
ever, are  not  legal  tender: 

Bayerische-Noten-Bank  in  denominations  of  Marks  100 

Badische  Bank  “ “ “ “ 100 

Sachsische  Bank  “ “ “ “ 500  and  100 

Wurtembergische-Noten-Bank  “ “ “ “ 100 

An  attempt  has  recently  been  made  to  promote  the  use 
of  porcelain  coins,  but  this  material  has  not  proved  satisfac- 
tory. Such  specimens  which  came  under  our  observation  were 
terra-cotta  in  color,  and  had  a ring  edge;  they  were  broken 
with  comparative  ease,  and  would  appear  to  be  easily  counter- 
feited. 


GIBRALTAR 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

Notes  are  issued  by  the  Local  Government  for  £5,  £1 
and  10/ — . 

Sterling  alone  is  legal  tender,  but  actually  there  is  a 
large  amount  of  Spanish  currency  circulating. 

GREAT  BRITAIN  and  IRELAND 
(United  Kingdom  of) 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  £1  Stg.=20  Shillings=240  Pence.  U.  S.  ParValue,  $4.8665 
COINS: 

Bronze  y4d.,  l/2d.  and  Id. 

Silver  3d.,  6d.,  1/ — , 2/ — , 2/6  and  5/ — 

Gold  10/ — , £1,  2 and  5. 

Under  the  Coinage  Act,  1920,  the  fineness  of  British  silver 
coins  has  been  reduced  from  .925  to  .500. 


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FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NOTES:  Treasury  Notes  for  £1  and  10/ — are  issued  by 
the  Government  and  are  legal  tender  throughout  the  United 
Kingdom. 

From  time  to  time  efforts  have  been  made  to  convert 
the  present  system  of  coinage  into  a decimal  system.  The 
last  proposal  of  importance  included  the  following  equivalents : 

£1  = 1000  mills 
10/—  = 500  “ 

2/—  = 100  “ 

1/—  = 50  “ 

6d.  = 25  “ 

and  smaller  coins  in  proportion  down  to  1 mill.  In  August, 
1918,  a Royal  Commission,  which  was  appointed  to  settle  the 
matter,  reported  adversely  on  the  proposal  and  there  is  no 
indication  at  the  present  time  that  any  further  attempt  will 
be  made  in  the  near  future  to  revert  to  this  question. 

ENGLAND  and  WALES 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Bank  of  England  in  de- 
nominations of  £2,000,  1,000,  500,  200,  100,  50,  20,  10  and  5. 

The  last  of  the  note-issuing  Banks  having  been  absorbed 
by  amalgamation,  the  Bank  of  England  is  the  only  institution 
which  will  in  future  issue  notes.  There  is  still  a large  number 
of  other  English  Bank  Notes  outstanding,  but  as  these  are 
redeemed  they  will  not  be  reissued. 

Bank  of  England  Notes  are  legal  tender  for  any  amount. 

ISLE  OF  MAN 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain. 

All  the  Banks  in  the  Isle  of  Man  are  licensed  annually 
(November  1st)  by  the  Government  to  issue  notes  against  ap- 
proved securities — such  securities  being  vested  in  a Govern- 
ment holding  corporation  called  The  Government  Property 
Trustees.  Each  Bank  is  required  to  furnish  weekly  to  the 
Government  Office  a return  of  outstanding  notes. 

The  Isle  of  Man  Banking  Company,  Ltd.,  issues  notes  in 
denominations  of  £5  and  £1.  The  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire 
Bank,  Lloyds  Bank,  Ltd.,  and  London  County  Westminster 
& Parrs  Bank,  Ltd.,  each  issue  notes  for  £1  each. 


73 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


SCOTLAND 

The  following  Banks  are  authorized  by  law  to  issue  notes : 

Bank  of  Scotland 

Royal  Bank  of  Scotland 

British  Linen  Bank 

Commercial  Bank  of  Scotland,  Ltd. 

National  Bank  of  Scotland,  Ltd. 

Union  Bank  of  Scotland 

North  of  Scotland  and  Town  and  County  Bank,  Ltd. 
Clydesdale  Bank,  Ltd. 

Bank  of  England  Notes  are  not  legal  tender  in  Scotland. 
Scotch  Notes  are  at  a discount  in  England. 

IRELAND 

The  following  Banks  are  authorized  by  law  to  issue  notes : 
The  Bank  of  Ireland 
Provincial  Bank  of  Ireland,  Ltd. 

Belfast  Banking  Company,  Ltd. 

Northern  Banking  Company,  Ltd. 

The  Ulster  Bank,  Ltd. 

The  National  Bank,  Ltd. 
in  denominations  of  £100,  50,  20,  10,  5 and  1. 

Bank  of  England  Notes  are  not  legal  tender  in  Ireland. 
Irish  Notes  are  at  discount  in  England. 

GREECE 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Drachma  = 100  Lepta. 

COINS: 

Bronze  Lepton  1,  Lepta  2,  5 and  10 

Nickel  Lepta  5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 50,  Drachma  1,  Drachmae  2 and  5 

Gold  Drachmae  5,  10,  20,  50  and  100. 

The  20  Lepta  silver  coin  is  demonetized. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  National  Bank  of  Greece 
in  denominations  of  Drs.  1,000,  500,  100,  25,  10,  5,  2 and  1, 
and  Lepta  50- 

The  Ionian  Bank  and  the  Bank  of  Crete  no  longer  issue 
notes — their  privileges  having  expired. 


(U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
(Stg.  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


74 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


GREENLAND 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Denmark  with  the  addition  of 
“Credit  Notes”  for  ore  25,  50,  Krone  1,  and  Kroner  5 issued 
by  the  Government  (Styrelsen)  for  use  only  in  Greenland. 

The  so-called  “Gr0nland  Notes”  are  actually  checks  drawn 
by  the  Managers  of  the  Gr0nlandske  Handel  and  are  payable 
at  the  Treasury  in  Copenhagen. 

This  country  is  a reservation  of  Denmark  and  the  whole 
of  its  trade  is  a monopoly  of  the  Royal  Greenland  Board  of 
Trade  (Gr0nlandske  Handel)  which  is  responsible  to  the  Dan- 
ish Government.  Travellers  are  not  allowed  to  visit  the  coun- 
try unless  the  special  sanction  of  the  Danish  Government  is 
obtained. 


HELIGOLAND 


See  Germany. 


HERZEGOVINA 


See  Jugoslavia. 


HUNGARY 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Krone  or  Korona  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.2026. 

100  Fillers.  \Sterling  Par  Value,  9.9927d. 

COINS: 

Copper  Fillers  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 10  and  20 

Silver  Kronen  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  “ 10,  20  and  100. 

NOTES:  The  only  old  notes  which  are  legal  tender  are 
those  issued  by  the  Oesterreichisch-Ungarische  Bank  which 
are  stamped  with  the  word  “MAGYARORSZAG.”  These,  how- 
ever, have  recently  been  recalled  and  the  Republic  has  made 
a new  issue  in  denominations  of  1,  2,  10,  20,  50,  100,  1,000  and 
5,000  Kronen. 

As  a matter  of  fact  Oesterreichisch-Ungarische  Bank 
Notes  for  Kronen  1 and  2,  as  well  as  the  Hungarian  Post 


75 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Office  Savings  Bank  Notes  are  current  although  they  have 
not  been  stamped  at  the  time  of  writing. 

A new  monetary  system  is  proposed  for  this  country, 
and  it  is  believed  that  the  Ministry  of  Finance  will  shortly 
publish  an  edict  establishing  the  new  system.  For  the  mo- 
ment, however,  details  of  the  expected  issue  are  kept  in  strict 
secrecy. 


ICELAND 

Coinage  and  equivalents  same  as  those  of  Denmark — no 
coins  are  minted  in  Iceland. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  following  banks: 

Islands  Banki,  Kr.  100,  50,  10  and  5 
Landsbanki  Islands,  Kr.  50,  10,  5 and  1. 

IONIAN  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  Greece. 

Notes  of  the  National  Bank  of  Greece,  and  the  Greek 
Government  Notes  for  Drachmae  2 and  1,  and  Lepta  50  are 
legal  tender. 


ITALY 

Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Lira  Italiana  = fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 

100  Centesimi.  ISterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 
COINS: 

Copper  Centesimo  1,  Centesimi  2,  5 and  10 

Nickel  Centesimi  20  and  50 

Silver  “ 50,  Lira  1,  Lire  2 and  5 

Gold  Lire  5,  10,  20,  50  and  100. 

The  coins  of  the  Republic  of  San  Marino,  both  silver  and 
copper,  are  current. 

With  certain  reservations  the  gold  and  silver  coins  of  the 
other  countries  belonging  to  the  Latin  Monetary  Union,  are 
legal  currency  in  Italy.  Gold  is  legal  tender  to  any  amount, 
silver  coins  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  Lire  50,  and  minor 
coins  up  to  Lire  5. 


76 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


The  Silver  Dollars  (Lire  5)  of  the  old  Italian  States, 
coined  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century — with  the  excep- 
tion of  those  put  into  circulation  by  the  Papal  States,  the 
Bourbon  States,  the  ex-Duchy  of  Lucca,  and  all  provisional 
governments — are  legally  current.  Silver  coins  in  denomina- 
tions of  Lira  1,  Lire  2,  and  Centesimi  50  dated  before  1863  are 
demonetized. 

NOTES:  Bank  Notes  are  issued  by  the: 

Banca  dTtalia 
Banco  di  Napoli 
Banco  di  Sicilia, 

sole  authorized  banks  in  Italy,  in  denominations  of  Lire  1,000, 
500,  100,  50  and  25.  State  Notes  are  also  issued  by  the  Italian 
Treasury  in  denominations  of  Lire  10,  5,  2 and  1.  The  Lira 
1 and  Lire  2 notes  will  shortly  be  recalled  and  nickel  pieces 
for  like  amounts  substituted. 

JUGOSLAVIA 

Unit:  Dinar  of  100  fo.  g Par  Value  $0.19295  = 1 Dinar 
of  400  Hellers.  lStg*  Par  Value>  9.5157d.  = 1 Dinar. 

This  country,  properly  designated  the  “KINGDOM  OF 
THE  SERBS,  CROATS,  and  SLOVENES”  at  present  has  the 
dual  currency  Kronen  and  Dinara  at  a fixed  ratio  of  value  4 
Kronen  = 1 Dinar. 

At  present  no  gold,  silver,  or  copper  coins  are  in  circu- 
lation, but  nickel  coins  of  10  paras  = 40  Hellers  will  shortly 
be  issued. 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Narodna  Banka  S.H.S. 
in  denominations  of 

Dinara  1,000  = Kronen  4,000 

“ 100  = “ 400 

“ 10  = “ 40 

“ 5 = 20 

“ 1 = “ 4 

“ l/2  = “ 2. 

The  Notes  for  Dinara  20  have  been  withdrawn  on  account 
of  forgery. 


77 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


A new  currency  is  being  contemplated,  but  there  is  no 
indication  at  present  either  of  what  the  new  unit  will  be  or 
when  it  will  be  instituted. 

LATIN  MONETARY  UNION 

On  November  20th,  1865,  representatives  of  France,  Italy, 
Belgium  and  Switzerland  met  in  conference  at  Paris  to  de- 
termine a new  system  of  uniform  coinage.  According  to  the 
terms  of  the  Union  Treaty,  which  was  ratified  by  each  govern- 
ment and  became  effective  August  1st,  1866,  the  contracting 
States  adopted  a gold  and  silver  coinage  of  the  same  fineness, 
weight  and  value.  With  some  minor  reservations  the  coins 
of  each  country  pass  current  in  the  remainder.  Greece  in 
1868  also  became  a member  of  the  Union  but  from  which, 
however,  it  has  since  ceded.  The  following  countries  have 
also  adopted  the  system  either  wholly  or  partly  without,  how- 
ever, joining  the  Union: — Spain,  Roumania,  Servia,  Finland, 
Bulgaria  and  Venezuela. 


Each  country  designates  the  Unit  by  its  own 

particular 

name  but  the  weights,  fineness  and  par  values  are 

Gold 

as  follows: 

Value 
in  U.  S. 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Currency 

100  Francs 

32.2580 

.900 

$19.2948 

50 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

20 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

10 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

5 

1.6129 

Silver 

.900 

.9647 

5 Francs 

25.0000 

.900 

$0.9647 

2 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

1 Franc 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

50  Centimes 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

20 

1.0000 

Nickel 

.835 

.0386 

25  Centimes 

5.0000 

Pure  Nickel 

$0.0482 

10 

4.0000 

u tt 

.0193 

5 

3.0000 

n tt 

.0096 

78 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Bronze 


10  Centimes 

10.0000 

r 95%  Copper,  I 

.0193 

5 

5.0000 

4%  tin,  and  > 

.0096 

2 

2.0000 

^ 1%  zinc.  J 

.0038 

1 Centime 

1.0000 

.0019 

On  February  23,  1920,  at  a meeting  of  the  repreentatives 
of  the  Union,  France  issued  a decree  that  as  from  December 
23,  1920,  it  would  not  consider  the  original  convention  valid 
and  Swiss  silver  coins  of  Francs  2,  1 and  Centimes  50  would 
cease  to  be  legal  tender  in  France.  It  would  appear,  therefore, 
that  the  clause  in  the  original  agreement  providing  for  the 
free  interchange  of  each  party's  silver  coinage  is  now  void. 

LATVIJA  (Lettland) 

Unit:  Lettish  Rouble  = 100  Lettish  Kopeks. 

Paper  money  only  is  in  circulation  and  coins  have  not 
yet  been  issued.  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Latvijan  States 
Bank  in  denominations  of  Let.  Rbls.  500,  100,  50,  25,  10,  5,  3, 
1,  Kopeks  50,  25,  10  and  5. 

The  introduction  of  a Gold  Currency  is  contemplated  and 
the  unit  will  most  likely  be  called  a “Lat”  equal  to  the  French 
Gold  Franc. 


LIECHTENSTEIN  (Principality  of) 

Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Krone  = 100  Hellers. 


fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.20262. 
(Sterling  Par  Value,  9.9927d. 


COINS: 

Silver  Kronen  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  “ 10  and  20. 


The  currency  of  Liechtenstein  is  practically  that  of  Aus- 
tria with  the  exception  of  the  coins  noted  above. 

The  Gold  Standard  was  adopted  by  this  principality  by 
the  Law  of  August  8,  1898.  Under  this  same  Act  all  coins  of 
the  Crown  Standard  coined  in  Austria  and  Hungary  were 
made  legal  tender  in  Liechtenstein  at  their  face  values.  Pieces 
coined  in  Liechtenstein,  however,  are  not  legal  tender  in 
Austria. 


79 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


LITHUANIA  (Republic  of) 

The  legal  currency  of  this  Republic  is  the  Lithuanian 
Mark  or  Ostmark  which  was  issued  by  Germany  during  the 
recent  occupation.  It  is  equal  in  value  to  the  German  mark 
for  which  it  is  easily  exchanged ; it  is  guaranteed  by  Germany. 

In  addition  to  the  Ostmark,  Roubles  of  all  kinds  (but  prin- 
cipally Czar  or  Romanoff  Issue)  and  all  kinds  of  Polish  Marks 
are  to  be  found.  As  the  Roubles  and  Polish  Marks  are  very 
unstable  and  are  not  legal  currency  throughout  the  country 
they  are  gradually  being  forced  out  of  circulation. 

It  is  reported  that  in  the  near  future  a new  currency  will 
be  introduced  with  the  MUSHTINI — equal  to  the  French 
Franc — as  the  unit. 


LUXEMBOURG 


Unit:  Franc=100  Centimes 
COINS: 


fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
ISterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


Bronze  Centimes  2% 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  25. 

The  Franc,  as  the  unit  of  this  Grand  Duchy,  is  a “trade” 
or  “exchange”  term  only — no  such  coin  is  in  existence.  The 
coins  of  the  Latin-Union  are  current  at  face  value. 


NOTES:  The  State  issues  notes  (“Bons  de  Caisse  de 

l’Etat”)  in  denominations  of  Francs  500,  125,  50,  25,  10,  5,  2 
and  1,  but  these  notes  will  probably  soon  be  withdrawn  from 
circulation  and  replaced  by  Belgian  Notes  in  accordance  with 
an  economic  arrangement  between  this  country  and  Belgium 
as  per  the  proposals  put  forward  at  a conference  in  Brussels 
May  17th,  1921. 


MAJORCA 

Currency  same  as  that  of  Spain. 

PAPER  CURRENCY.  A peculiarity  of  this  Island  is  that 
the  Bonds  of  certain  Public  Utility  Companies,  etc.,  pass  cur- 
rent as  often  as  Spanish  Paper.  The  principal  ones  are: 


80 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


DENOMINATIONS 


COMPANY 

Compania  de  los 
Ferrocarriles  de 
Mallorca 

ISSUE 
July  1, 1880 
July  1, 1885 
July  1,  1896 
Apl.  1,  1911 

(Pesetas) 

25,  50,  100,  250,  500 
25,  50,  100,  250,  500 
50,  100,  200 
25,  50,  100,  250,  500 

La  Economica  Sociedad 
de  Alumbrado  por  Gas 

►Oct.  1, 1909 

25,  50,  100,  250,  500 

Banco  Agrario  de  Baleares  July  1, 1913 
Banco  de  Felanitx  July  1,  1915 

Banco  de  Soller  July  1,  1915 

El  Gas  S.  A.  Soller  Apl.  1,  1893 

25,  50 

25,  50,  100,  250 
25,  50,  100,  250 
25,  50,  100 

Actividad  Industrial 
de  Manacor 

[►Apl.  1, 1914 

25,  50,  100,  250 

Banco  Agricola  de  Inca 

Apl.  1, 1913 

25,  50 

Propagadora  Balear  de 
Alumbrado  Inca 

[►Feb.  1, 1902 

25,  50,  100 

Banco  del  Progresso  1 

Agricola  Campos  del  Puerto  J 

[-July  1, 1918 

25,  100. 

MALTA 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

British  coin  and  Treasury  Notes  are  current,  and  are 
legal  tender. 

There  is  a small  bronze  coin,  called  TARI,  value  about 
Ve  of  a cent,  issued  locally,  but  this  is  of  no  practical  value 
and  is  generally  regarded  as  a curiosity. 

MONACO  (Principality  of) 

Currency  same  as  France. 

MONTENEGRO 

See  Jugoslavia. 


81 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


NETHERLANDS 


Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Florin  or  f U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.40195. 

Guilder  = 100  Cents.  \Stg.  Par  Value,  19.8230d. 


COINS: 

Bronze 

Nickel 

Silver 

u 


Gold 


Cents  y2,  1 and  2l/2 
“ 5 (Stuiver) 

“ 10  (Dubbeltje) 

“ 25  (Kwartje) 

“ 50 

Florins  1 (Guilder) 

“ 2 14  (Rijksdaaler) 

“ 5 and  10. 


New  silver  coins  .800  Fine  will  shortly  replace  those  at 
present  .945  Fine. 


NOTES:  Bank  Notes  are  issued  by  the  Nederlandsche 
Bank  in  denominations  of  Florins  1,000,  300,  200,  100,  60,  40, 
25  and  10. 

Government  Notes  (Zilverbons)  are  issued  in  denomina- 
tions of  Florins  2 y2  and  1. 


NORWAY 


Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Krone=100  ore. 
COINS: 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.26799. 

Stg.  Par  Value,  Kr.  18.159  = £1. 


Iron 

Bronze 

Nickel 

Silver 

Gold 


Ore  1,  ore  2 and  5 
“ 1,  “ 2 and  5 

Ore  10,  25  and  50 

“ 10,  25  and  50,  Krone  1 and  Kroner  2 

Kroner  10  and  20. 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  solely  by  the  Norges  Bank  in 
denominations  of  Kroner  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  10,  5,  2 and  1. 
The  last  two  denominations  were  issued  in  accordance  with 
the  law  of  December  14,  1917,  on  account  of  the  shortage  of 
silver. 


82 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Previous  to  adopting  the  “Kroner”  Currency,  the  cur- 
rency of  Norway  was  called  “Specie  Daler.”  The  Specie  Daler 
notes,  which  were  issued  in  denominations  of  Spd.  100, 
50,  10,  5,  1,  l/2  and  have  been  recalled  and  are  no  longer 
valid. 


ORKNEY  ISLANDS 

See  Great  Britain. 


POLAND 


Unit:  Mark=100 


„ . fU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.23821 

enigow.  |g£erij,ng  par  yaiue>  n.7477d. 


This  currency,  which  was  introduced  in  1915  by  the  Ger- 
man Authorities,  is  theoretically  equal  to  the  German  Mark. 

It  is  proposed  that  a new  currency  with  the  old  name  of 
“ZLOTY  POLSKI”  be  introduced,  but  nothing  has  as  yet  been 
decided  as  to  when  the  change  will  occur.  The  new  unit  will 
be  theoretically  equal  to  the  French  Gold  Franc.  The  rates 
at  which  the  marks  will  be  exchanged  for  the  new  currency, 
the  amount  of  note  issue,  etc.,  will  eventually  be  established 
by  the  Polish  Diet. 


PORTUGAL 


Unit:  Escudo=100  Centavos. 


r U.  S.  Par  Value,  $1.0805. 
\Stg.  Par  Value,  53.28d. 


COINS: 

Copper  Centavos  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 4 

Silver  “ 10,  20,  50,  Escudo  1 

Gold  Escudos  2%,  5 and  10. 


N.B. — In  addition  to  the  above  coins,  which  were  minted 
under  a decree  of  May  22,  1911,  there  are  the  following  old 
pieces,  viz.: — Copper  Reis  5,  10  and  20,  Nickel  Reis  50  and 
100,  of  the  equivalents: 


83 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Milreis 
500  Reis 
200  “ 

100  “ 

50  “ 

40  “ 

20  “ 

10  “ 

5 “ 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  Banco  de  Portugal  in  de- 
nominations of  Escudos  100,  50,  20,  10,  5,  2%  and  Centavos 
50  and  10. 

All  Notes  issued  for  the  Portuguese  Colonies  are  at  a 
discount  of  about  25%. 


1 Escudo  = 

50  Centavos  = 
20  “ = 

10  “ - 

5 “ = 

4 “ = 

2 “ = 

1 “ = 

% 41  - 


ROUMANIA 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Leu  = 100  Bani. 
COINS: 


/U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
ISterling  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


Copper  Banu  1 and  Bani  2 

Nickel  Bani  5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 50,  Leu  1,  Lei  2 and  5 

Gold  Lei  10,  12%,  20,  25,  50  and  100. 

The  old  bronze  coins  of  5 and  10  Bani  and  all  non-perfor- 
ated  nickel  coins  are  demonetized. 

The  Lei  12%,  25,  50  and  100  gold  coins  are  a “Jubilee 
Issue.” 


NOTES:  La  Banque  Nationale  de  Roumaine  issues  notes 
for  Lei  1,000,  500,  100,  20,  5,  2 and  1.  During  the  German  in- 
vasion of  Valachia  the  German  Government,  with  an  author- 
ization granted  by  the  Banque  Generale  Roumaine,  issued 
notes  for  Lei  1,000,  100,  5,  2 and  1,  to  a total  value  exceed- 
ing Lei  2,000,000,000.  Towards  the  end  of  1918  the  Rouman- 
ian Government  had  these  notes  stamped  (with  the  exception 
of  the  small  notes  of  Lei  1 and  2)  for  the  purpose  of  with- 
drawing them  from  circulation  at  an  early  date. 

Notes  are  issued  by  the  Roumanian  Ministry  of  Finance 
for  Bani  10,  25  and  50. 


84 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Since  1914  the  Roumanian  Government  has  not  minted 
any  money  in  either  gold,  silver,  nickel,  or  copper ; as  a matter 
of  fact  there  are  very  few  coins  in  actual  circulation. 


RUSSIA 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Rouble 
COINS: 


100 


Kor)pk„  iU‘  S‘  Par  Value>  $0.5146. 
1 IStg.  Par  Value,  25.3764d. 


Copper  Kopeks  %,  */2>  1,  2 and  3 

Silver  “ 5,  10,  15,  20,  25  and  50.  Rouble  1 

Gold  Roubles  5,  7^,  10  and  15  (Imperial). 


NOTES:  Up  to  the  fall  of  Nicholas  II.,  notes  were  issued 
by  the  Imperial  Bank  of  Russia  in  the  following  denomina- 
tions: Roubles  500,  100,  50,  25,  10,  5,  3 and  1.  In  1917  the 
Government  of  the  Republic  under  Kerensky  issued  notes  for 
Roubles  1,000  and  250  in  addition.  Since  the  establishment 
of  the  Soviet  Government  the  Bolsheviki  have  issued  an  enor- 
mous quantity  of  notes  in  various  denominations. 

The  issue  first  above  mentioned  is  usually  termed  “The 
Romanoff  Issue”  and  at  the  time  of  writing  sells  around  .0015 
whilst  the  Kerensky  issue  fetches  about  .0005.  The  Bolshevik 
notes  are  without  value  as  exchange. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  state  precisely  what  conditions 
obtain  in  Russia  at  this  time,  but  it  is  obvious  that  there  can 
be  practically  no  metallic  currency  in  circulation  there.  It  has 
been  rumored  lately  that  Nikolai  Lenine  has  arrived  at  the 
conclusion  that  nothing  except  metal  will  induce  the  peasants 
to  part  with  their  produce  and  to  that  end  the  government 
mint  in  the  Fortress  of  S.S.  Peter  and  Paul,  Petrograd,  will 
shortly  be  re-started.  It  is  understood  that  the  machinery  has 
been  put  in  order  and  over  1,200  workmen  will  be  employed 
coining  silver  Roubles  and  subsidiary  coins.  As,  apparently, 
only  Czar  Nicholas  II.  moulds  are  available  it  is  assumed  the 
new  coins  will  bear  the  effigy  of  the  deceased  monarch. 


SAN  MARINO  (Republic  of) 

See  Italy. 


85 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


SCANDINAVIAN  MONETARY  UNION 

At  a convention  held  in  1872,  Sweden,  Norway  and  Den- 
mark agreed  to  adopt  a uniform  currency,  the  unit  being  the 
“Krone”  or  “Crown”  .900  Fine  and  weighing  .44803  gr.  At 
the  present  time  the  coins  of  each  country  pass  current  in  the 
remaining  two;  silver,  bronze  and  iron  coins,  however,  only 
in  small  sums  up  to  a total  not  exceeding  Kroner  2 in  one 
payment. 

SCILLY  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

SERVIA 

See  Jugoslavia. 


SHETLAND  ISLANDS 

Currency  same  as  Great  Britain. 

SICILY 

Currency  same  as  Italy. 


SILESIA 


See  Germany  and  Poland. 

SLAVONIA 

See  Jugoslavia. 


SPAIN 


Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Peseta  = 100  Centimos. 
COINS: 


JU.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
IStg.  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


Copper  Centimos  1,  2,  5 and  10 

Silver  “ 50,  Pesetas  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  Pesetas  5,  10,  20,  25,  50  and  100. 


86 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


All  coins  not  included  in  the  Currency  Law  of  October 
19th,  1868,  are  demonetized.  There  are  still  in  existence, 
however,  a number  of  old  coins  which  should  be  accepted  for 
their  bullion  value  only.  The  principal  ones  are : 


1 Doubloon  or 

Onza 

= 80  Pesetas 

(about) 

a 

l/2 

Media  Onza 

= 40 

1/4 

Cuartos  de  Onza 

= 20 

«< 

% 

Vs  de  Onza 

= 10 

n 

1/16 

1/16  de  Onza 

= 5 

a 

100  Gold  Reales 

(Isabelino) 

= 25 

a 

40  “ 

= 10 

n 

20  “ 

= 5 

n 

NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  only 

by  the  Banco  de  Espana 

in  denominations  of  Pesetas  1,000,  500,  100,  50  and  25. 

SPITZBERGEN 

This  territory  is  claimed  by  four  nations,  viz.:  Great 
Britain,  Norway,  Sweden  and  Russia,  and  the  various  trading 
companies  use  the  currency  of  the  country  of  which  they 
claim  nationality. 

There  are  no  Banks. 


SWEDEN 


Gold  Standard. 
Unit:  Krona 

COINS: 


„ /U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.26799. 

1U0  ore.  Par  yalue;  Kr  18  159  _ £1 


Iron 

Ore 

1,  ore  2 and  5 

Bronze 

a 

1,  “ 2 and  5 

Nickel 

ore 

10,  25  and  50. 

Silver 

it 

10,  25  and  50,  Krona  1 and  Kronor  2 

Gold 

Kronor  5,  10  and  20. 

NOTES:  Since  1903  the  Riksbank  has  been  the  sole  Note- 
issuing Bank.  Its  issues  are  in  denominations  of  Kr.  1,000, 
100,  50,  10,  5 and  1. 

All  Rigsdaler  are  demonetized. 


87 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


SWITZERLAND 


Gold  Standard. 


Unit:  Franc=100  Centimes. 


{ 


U.  S.  Par  Value,  $0.19295. 
Stg.  Par  Value,  9.5157d. 


COINS: 

Copper  Centimes  1 and  2 

Nickel  “ 5,  10  and  20 

Silver  “ 50,  Francs  1,  2 and  5 

Gold  Francs  10,  20,  50  and  100. 


NOTES:  Notes  are  issued  by  the  National  Bank  of 
Switzerland  in  denominations  of  Francs  1,000,  500,  100,  50, 
20,  10  and  5,  and  by  the  Caisse  de  Prets  (Darlehenskassen- 
scheine)  for  25  Francs. 


TRANSYLVANIA 

See  Roumania. 


TURKEY 


Gold  Standard. 

Unit:  Piastrer-40  Paras  \ 0, 

l Stg.  Par  Value  Pias.  110.28: 


U.  S.  Par  Value  $0.04396 


:£1 


3 aspres  or  aspas 
=1  40  paras 


1 Para 
1 Piastre 

1 Lira  Turca  or  Turkish  Pound  = piastres  Gold,  or 

108  piastres  Silver. 

COINS: 


Nickel  Paras  20,  10  and  5 

“ Piastre  1 

Silver  Piastres  20  (Medjidieh  d’argent),  10,  5,  2,  1 
and  i/2 

Gold  £T  5,  2i/2,  1 (Medjidieh  d’or),  V2  and  %. 


NOTES:  Before  the  war  La  Banque  Imperiale  Ottomane 
issued  notes  in  denominations  of  £T  100,  50,  5 and  1.  During 
the  war  the  Government  made  seven  successive  note  issues  to 
a total  face  value  of  more  than  £T  150,000,000.  These  notes 
were  covered  by  various  guarantees  (principally  German  Trea- 
sury Bonds)  and  the  value  of  such  paper  is  problematic.  These 
issues  are  current  at  present. 


88 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Denominations:  £T  1,000,  500,  100,  50,  25,  10,  5,  2 1/2,  1, 
Vs,  1/5,  1/20,  1/40, 1/100,  1/400  and  1/800. 

The  following  may  be  taken  as  rough  equivalent  values : 

£T  Imperiale  Ottoman  Bank  Note  = £T  2.00  War  Paper 

£T  Silver  = £T  2.90  “ 

£T  Gold  = £T  5.40  “ 

In  addition  to  the  above  mentioned  currencies  there  is  a 
large  number  of  old  and  debased  coins  in  circulation,  some  of 
which  are  no  longer  of  use  as  money.  The  latter,  if  of  gold 
and  silver,  are  used  in  barter. 


89 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


TABLE  SHOWING  MONETARY  UNIT,  FINENESS 
AND  INTRINSIC  EQUIVALENTS  IN 
UNITED  STATES  MONEY 

Gold  Standard 


Value  in 

Country 

Unit 

Fineness 

U.  S.  Money 

Australia 

Pound  Sterling 

.916  2/3 

$4.8665 

Austria  (German) 

Krone 

.900 

.2026 

Belgium 

Franc 

.900 

.1930 

Bolivia 

Boliviano 

.916  2/3 

.3893 

British  Honduras 

Dollar 

.900 

1.0000 

Bulgaria 

Lev 

.900 

.1930 

Canada 

Dollar 

.900 

1.0000 

Chosen 

Yen 

.900 

.4985 

Colombia 

Peso 

.916  2/3 

.9733 

Costa  Rica 

Colon 

.900 

.4653 

Cuba 

Dollar  (Peso) 

.900 

1.0000 

Czecho-Slovakia 

Krone 

.900 

.2026 

Denmark 

Krone 

.900 

.2680 

Dominican  Republic 

Dollar 

.900 

1.0000 

Ecuador 

Sucre 

.900 

.4867 

Egypt 

Pound  Egyptian 

.875 

4.9430 

Finland 

Markka 

.900 

.1930 

France 

Franc 

.900 

.1930 

Germany 

Mark 

.900 

.2382 

Great  Britain 

Pound  Sterling 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

Greece 

Drachma 

.900 

.1930 

Hawaii 

Dollar  U.  S. 

.900 

1.0000 

Holland  (See  Netherlands) 

Hungary 

Korona 

.900 

.2026 

Italy 

Lira 

.900 

.1930 

Japan 

Yen 

.900 

.4985 

Jugo-Slavia 
Korea  (See  Chosen) 

Dinar 

.900 

.1930 

Mexico 

Peso 

.900 

.4985 

Nicaragua 

Cordoba 

.900 

1.0000 

Netherlands 

Guilder  or  Florin 

.900 

.4020 

Newfoundland 

Dollar 

.916  2/3 

1.0000 

New  Zealand 

Pound  Sterling 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

Norway 

Krone 

.900 

.2680 

Peru 

Pound  Peruvian 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

Porto  Rico 

Dollar  U.  S. 

.900 

1.0000 

Portugal 

Escudo 

.900 

1.0805 

Roumania 

Leu 

.900 

.1930 

Russia 

Rouble 

.900 

.5145 

Salvador 

Colon 

.900 

.5000 

Spain 

Peseta 

.900 

.1930 

Sweden 

Krona 

.900 

.2680 

Switzerland 

Franc 

.900 

.1930 

Turkey 

United  Kingdom  (See 

Pound  Turkish 

.916  2/3 

4.3965 

Great  Britain) 
United  States 

Dollar 

.900 

1.0000 

Uruguay 

Peso 

.917 

1.0342 

Venezuela 

Bolivar 

.900 

.1930 

oo 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Gold  Exchange  Standard 


Value  in  U.  S. 

Country 

Unit 

Fineness 

Money 

Argentina 

Gold  Peso 

.900 

$0.9648  Gold  Standa 

u 

Paper  Peso 

.4245  (a) 

Brazil 

Gold  Milreis 

.917 

.5463 

SPaper  “ 

.3244 

British  East  Africa 

Silver  Rupee 

.916  2/3 

.4866 

Ceylon 

ti  u 

.916  2/3 

.4866 

Chile 

Gold  Peso 

.916  2/3 

.3650 

u 

Paper  “ 

.1000  (about)  (b) 

Eritrea 

Silver  Thaler 

.800 

.9647 

Fed.  Malay  States 

Silver  Dollar 

.900 

.5678 

India  (British) 

Silver  Rupee 

.916  2/3 

.4866 

“ (Portuguese) 

u u 

.916  2/3 

.3782 

Panama 

Gold  Balboa 

.900 

1.0000 

Persia 

Toman 

.900 

1.7193  (c) 

Philippine  Is. 

Silver  Peso 

.800 

.5000' 

Siam 

Gold  Tical 

.900 

.3708 

a 

Silver  “ 

.900 

.3708 

Straits  Settlements 

Silver  Dollar 

.900 

.5678 

Zanzibar 

Silver  Rupee 

.916  2/3 

.4866 

(a)  Convertible 

at  44%  of  its  face  value. 

(b)  Inconvertible. 


(c)  See  also  “Persia”  under  Silver  Standard  Table. 


Silver  Standard 


Value 

Value  of 

in  U.  S. 

$1  U.  S. 

Country 

Unit 

Fineness 

Money 

Money 

Abyssinia 

Talari 

.835 

$0.4522 

T.  2.2277 

China 

Dollar  (Yuan) 

.900 

.4663 

$ 2.1445 

Hong  Kong 

Dollar 

.900 

.4680 

2.1368 

Honduras  (Rep.  of) 

Peso 

.900 

.4340 

2.3041 

Indo-China 

Piastre 

.900 

.4687 

Pis.  2.1336 

Morocco 

Rial 

.900 

.4340 

R.  2.3041 

Persia  (a) 

Kran 

.900 

.0797 

Kr.  12.5156 

Values  based  on  the  average  value  of 

a fine  ounce 

s of  silver. 

, viz. — $0.60. 

(a)  See  also  “Persia”  under  Gold  Exchange  Standard  Table. 

Inconvertible  Paper 

Former 

Value  in 

Value  of  $1 

Country 

Unit 

Basis  Fineness  U.S.  Money 

U.S.  Money 

Guatemala 

Peso 

Silver 

.900  about  .025 

about  P40.00 

Haiti 

Gourde 

Gold 

.900 

.200 

G5.00 

Paraguay 

Peso 

Gold 

.900 

.040 

$25.00 

91 


92 


Dominican  Hop.  " 

Fed.  Malay  States  1/100  S.  S.  Dollar 

Hawaii  1/100  Dollar 

Horn:  Koni:  " 

Italian  Somaliland  1/100  Rupee 


DICTIONARY  OF  COINS,  MONEYS,  AND  CURRENCIES  OF  THE  WORLD— (Continued) 


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99 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  GOLD  Coins,  actually 
issued  or  provided  for  by  Law,  of  the  principal 
Countries  of  the  World. 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

(Grams) 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.  S. 
Money 

Argentina 

Argentino 

8.0645 

.900 

$ 4.8236 

a 

Half  Argentino 

4.0322 

.900 

2.4118 

Australia 

5 Pounds  J British 

39.9403 

.916  2/3 

24.3325 

<< 

2 Pounds^  Coinage 

15.9761 

.916  2/3 

9.7330 

<< 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

a 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

Austria 

100  Kronen 

33.8753 

.900 

20.2622 

a 

20  Kronen 

6.7750 

.900 

4.0524 

a 

10  Kronen 

3.3375 

.900 

2.0262 

a 

4 Ducats 

13.9636 

.986  1/9 

9.1513 

a 

1 Ducat 

3.4909 

.986  1/9 

2.2882 

Belgium 

20  Francs 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

ii 

10  Francs 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

Brazil 

20  Milreis 

17.9296 

.917 

10.9269 

u 

10  Milreis 

8.9648 

.917 

5.4635 

a 

5 Milreis 

4.4824 

.917 

2.7317 

Brit.  Honduras 

U.S.  Double  Eagle ($20) 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

a a 

“ Eagle  ($10) 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

a a 

“ % Eagle  ($5) 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

a a 

“ K Eagle  ($2.50) 

4.1796 

.900 

2.5000 

a a 

“ 1 Dollar 

1.6718 

.900 

1.0000 

a a 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

a a 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

British  India 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

a a 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

Bulgaria 

100  Leva 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

ii 

20  Leva 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

ii 

10  Leva 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9205 

Canada 

20  Dollars  U.  S. 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

a 

10  Dollars 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

a 

5 Dollars 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

a 

2%  Dollars  U.  S. 

4.1796 

.900 

2.5000 

a 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

a 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

Colombia 

5 Pesos  (Colombian  £) 

7.9882 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

ii 

2M>  Pesos  ( “ £V2) 

3.9941 

.916  2/3 

2.4333 

ii 

Colombian  Peso 

1.5976 

.916  2/3 

.9733 

Costa  Rica 

20  Colones 

15.5600 

.900 

9.3070 

a 

10  Colones 

7.7800 

.900 

4.6535 

a 

5 Colones 

3.8900 

.900 

2.3267 

a 

2 Colones 

1.5560 

.900 

.9307 

u 

1 Colon 

.7780 

.900 

.4653 

Cuba 

20  Pesos 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

a 

10  Pesos 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

a 

5 Pesos 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

a 

4 Pesos 

6.6872 

.900 

4.0000 

a 

2 Pesos 

3.3436 

.900 

2.0000 

a 

1 Peso 

1.6718 

.900 

1.0000 

100 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  GOLD  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

(Grams) 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.  S. 

Money 

Czecho  Slovakia 

100  Kronen 

33.8753 

.900 

$20.2622 

u tt 

20  Kronen 

6.7750 

.900 

4.0524 

tt  tt 

10  Kronen 

3.3875 

.900 

2.0262 

Denmark 

20  Kroner 

8.9606 

.900 

5.3597 

a 

10  Kroner 

4.4803 

.900 

2.6799 

Ecuador 

10  Sucres  (Condor) 

8.1360 

.900 

4.8665 

tt 

5 Sucres 

4.0680 

.900 

2.4332 

a 

2 Sucres 

1.6272 

.900 

.9733 

Egypt 

Egyptian  Pound  (100 
Piastres) 

8.5000 

.875 

4.9430 

a 

50  Piastres 

4.2500 

.875 

2.4715 

u 

20  Piastres 

1.7000 

.875 

.9886 

a 

10  Piastres 

.8500 

.875 

.4943 

a 

5 Piastres 

.4250 

.875 

.2472 

Finland 

20  Markkaa 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

« 

10  Markkaa 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

France 

100  Francs 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

a 

50  Francs 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

a 

20  Francs 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

it 

10  Francs 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

a 

5 Francs 

1.6129 

.900 

.9647 

Germany 

Doppel  Krone  (20 
marks) 

7.9650 

.900 

4.7642 

a 

Krone  (10  marks) 

3.9825 

.900 

2.3821 

Great  Britain 
and  Colonies 

5 Pounds 

39.9403 

.916  2/3 

24.3325 

u 

2 Pounds 

15.9761 

.916  2/3 

9.7330 

it 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

it 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

Greece 

100  Drachmae 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

a 

50  Drachmae 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

a 

20  Drachmae 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

a 

10  Drachmae 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

a 

5 Drachmae 

1.6129 

.900 

.9647 

Guatemala 

5 Pesos 

8.6500 

.900 

4.8210 

a 

2V2  Pesos 

4.3200 

.900 

2.4105 

tt 

1 Peso 

1.6120 

.900 

.9642 

Hungary 

100  Kronen 

33.8753 

.900 

20.2622 

u 

20  Kronen 

6.7750 

.900 

4.0524 

a 

10  Kronen 

3.3875 

.900 

2.0262 

a 

4 Ducats 

13.9636 

.986  1/9 

9.1513 

u 

1 Ducat 

3.4909 

.986  1/9 

2.2882 

Italy 

100  Lire 

3.3875 

.900 

2.0262 

a 

50  Lire 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

it 

20  Lire 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

tt 

10  Lire 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

it 

5 Lire 

1.6129 

.900 

.9647 

Japan 

20  Yen 

16.6666 

.900 

9.9690 

a 

10  Yen 

8.3333 

.900 

4.9845 

a 

5 Yen 

4.1666 

.900 

2.4922 

Liechtenstein 

20  Kronen 

6.7750 

.900 

4.0524 

tt 

10  Kronen 

3.3875 

.900 

2.0262 

101 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  GOLD  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

(Grams) 

Fineness 

Value 
Money 
inU.  S. 

Mexico 

20  Pesos 

16.6666 

.900 

$9.9690 

tt 

10  Pesos 

8.3333 

.900 

4.9845 

tt 

5 Pesos 

4.1666 

.900 

2.4922 

it 

2Vz  Pesos 

2.0833 

.900 

1.2461 

tt 

2 Pesos 

1.6666 

.900 

.9969 

Netherlands 

10  Gulden  (or  Florins) 

6.7200 

.900 

4.0195 

u 

5 Gulden  (or  Florins) 

3.3600 

.900 

2.0097 

a 

Ducat 

3.4940 

.983 

2.2826 

Newfoundland 

2 Dollars 

3.2828 

.916  2/3 

2.0000 

a 

1 Dollar 

1.6415 

.916  2/3 

1.0000 

New  Zealand 

5 Pounds 

39.9403 

.916  2/3 

24.3325 

a 

2 Pounds 

15.9761 

.916  2/3 

9.7330 

a 

Sovereign 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

a 

Half  Sovereign 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

Nicaragua 

10  Cordobas 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

a 

5 Cordobas 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

tt 

2V2  Cordobas 

4.1796 

.900 

2.500*0 

tt 

1 Cordoba 

1.6719 

.900 

1.0000 

Norway 

20  Kroner 

8.9606 

.900 

5.3597 

tt 

10  Kroner 

4.4803 

.900 

2.6798 

tt 

5 Kroner 

2.2401 

.900 

1.3399 

Panama 

U.S.  Double  Eagle ($20) 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

tt 

“ Eagle($10) 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

tt 

“ y2  Eagle  ($5) 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

a 

“ % Eagle  ($2.50) 

4.1796 

.900 

2.5000 

u 

" 1 Dollar 

1.6718 

.900 

1.0000 

Paraguay 

Argentino 

8.0645 

.900 

4.8236 

a 

Half  Argentino 

4.0322 

.900 

2.4118 

Persia 

2 Ashrafis  (2  Tomans) 

5.7489 

.900 

3.4386 

a 

1 Ashrafi  (1  Toman) 

2.8744 

.900 

1.7193 

tt 

1 Penzhezari 
( V2  Toman) 

1.4372 

.900 

.8597 

tt 

1 Dohezari  (Vs  Toman) 

.5749 

.900 

.3439 

Peru 

Pound  Peruvian 

7.9881 

.916  2/3 

4.8665 

ii 

V2  Pound 

3.9940 

.916  2/3 

2.4332 

ti 

% Pound  (“Quintos”) 

1.5976 

.916  2/3 

.9733 

Porto  Rico 

U.S.  Double  Eagle($20) 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

a u 

“ Eagle  ($10) 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

a tt 

“ V2  Eagle  ($5) 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

a tt 

“ % Eagle  ($2.50) 

4.1796 

.900 

2.5000 

a tt 

“ 1 Dollar 

1.6718 

.900 

1.0000 

Portugal 

10  Escudos  (10  Milreis) 

18.0650 

.900 

10.8054 

u 

5 Escudos  ( 5 Milreis) 

9.0325 

.900 

5.4027 

tt 

2 Escudos  ( 2 Milreis) 

3.6130 

.900 

2.1611 

tt 

1 Escudo  ( 1 Milreis) 

1.8065 

.900 

1.0805 

Roumania 

100  Lei  (Jubilee) 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

n 

50  Lei  (Jubilee) 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

tt 

25  Lei  (Jubilee) 

8.0645 

.900 

4.8237 

u 

20  Lei 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

tt 

12y>  Lei  (Jubilee) 

4.0322 

.900 

2.4118 

tt 

10  Lei 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

102 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  GOLD  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

(Grams) 

Fineness 

Value 
inU.  S. 

Money 

Russia 

15  Roubles  (Imperial) 

12.9039 

.900 

$ 7.7183 

44 

10  Roubles 

8.6026 

.900 

5.1455 

44 

7 Mi  Roubles 

6.4519 

.900 

3.8591 

44 

5 Roubles 

4.3013 

.900 

2.5727 

Siam 

Dos  (10  Ticals) 

6.2000 

.900 

3.7085 

Spain 

100  Pesetas 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

44 

50  Pesetas 

16.1290 

.900 

9.6474 

44 

25  Pesetas 

8.0645 

.900 

4.8237 

44 

20'  Pesetas 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

44 

10  Pesetas 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

44 

5 Pesetas 

1.6129 

.900 

.9647 

Sweden 

20  Kronor 

8.9606 

.900 

5.3597 

44 

10  Kronor 

4.4803 

.900 

2.6798 

44 

5 Kronor 

2.2401 

.900 

1.3399 

Switzerland 

20  Francs 

6.4516 

.900 

3.8589 

44 

10  Francs 

3.2258 

.900 

1.9295 

Turkey 

5 Liras  (500  Piastres) 

36.0829 

.916  2/3 

21.9823 

44 

2%  Liras  (250  “ ) 

18.0414 

.916  2/3 

10.9911 

44 

Lira  or  £Tk.  (100  “ ) 

7.2166 

.916  2/3 

4.3965 

44 

Mi  Lira  (50  Piastres) 

3.6083 

.916  2/3 

2.1982 

44 

M Lira  (25  Piastres) 

1.8041 

.916  2/3 

1.0991 

United  States 

Double  Eagle  ($20) 

33.4370 

.900 

20.0000 

44 

Eagle  ($10) 

16.7185 

.900 

10.0000 

44 

% Eagle  ($5) 

8.3592 

.900 

5.0000 

44 

U Eagle  ($2.50) 

4.1796 

.900 

2.5000 

44 

1 Dollar 

1.6718 

.900 

1.0000 

Uruguay 

Doubloon 

16.9700 

.917 

10.3422 

Venezuela 

100  Bolivars 

32.2580 

.900 

19.2948 

44 

25  Bolivars 

8.0645 

.900 

4.8237 

44 

20  Bolivars 

6.4516 

.900 

8.8589 

103 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  SILVER  Coins,  actually 
issued  or  provided  for  by  Law,  of  the  principal 
Countries  of  the  World. 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.  S. 

Argentine 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

$0.9648 

a 

50  Centavos 

12.5000 

.900 

.4824 

u 

20  Centavos 

5.0000 

.900 

.1929 

u 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.900 

.0964 

Australia 

Florin 

11.310*4 

.500 

.4867 

u 

Shilling 

5.6552 

.500 

.2433 

it 

Sixpence 

2.8276 

.500 

.1216 

a 

Threepence 

1.4138 

.500 

.0608 

Austria 

(German) 

5 Kronen 

24.0000 

.900* 

1.0131 

« 

Florin 

12.3457 

.900 

.4052 

u 

2 Kronen 

10.0000 

.835 

.4052 

ti 

1 Krone 

5.0000* 

.835 

.2026 

a 

Maria  Theresa  Thaler 

28.0668 

.833  1/3 

.4512 

u 

20  Kreutzers 

2.6666 

.500 

.0810 

a 

10  Kreutzers 

1.6666 

.400 

.0405 

Belgium 

5 Francs 

25.0000 

.900’ 

.9650 

a 

2 Francs 

10.0000 

.835 

.3860 

a 

1 Franc 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

a 

50  Centimes 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

Bolivia 

Boliviano 

20.0000 

.833  1/3 

.3893 

a 

50  Centavos 

lO'.OOOO 

.833  1/3 

.1946 

a 

20  Centavos 

4.0000 

.833  1/3 

.0778 

Brazil 

2,000  Reis 

20.0000 

.900 

.6488 

ii 

1,000  Reis 

10.0000 

.900 

.3244 

it 

500  Reis 

5.0000 

.900 

.1622 

Brit.  Honduras 

50  Cents  • 

11.6205 

.925 

.5000 

« (i 

25  Cents 

5.8102 

.925 

.2500 

a a 

10  Cents 

2.3241 

.925 

.1000 

u << 

5 Cents 

1.1620 

.925 

.0*500 

British  India 

Rupee 

11.6640 

.916  2/3 

.4866 

u a 

Half  Rupee 

5.8320 

.916  2/3 

.2433 

a u 

Quarter  Rupee 

2.9160 

.916  2/3 

.1216 

a a 

2 Annas 

1.4580 

.916  2/3 

.0608 

Bulgaria 

5 Leva 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

u 

2 Leva 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

a 

1 Lev 

5.0000 

.835 

.1929 

a 

50  Stotinki 

2.5000 

.835 

.0964 

Canada 

Dollar 

23.3281 

.800 

.1.0000 

a 

50  Cents 

11.6640 

.800 

.5000 

a 

25  Cents 

5.8320 

.800 

.2500 

a 

10  Cents 

2.3328 

.800 

.1000 

a 

5 Cents 

1.1664 

.800 

.0500 

Chile 

1 Peso 

9.0000 

.720 

.2200 

a 

20  Centavos 

3.0000 

.450 

.0440 

a 

10  Centavos 

1.5000 

.450 

.0220 

a 

5 Centavos 

1.0000 

.450 

.0110 

104 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  SILVER  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.S. 

China 

Dollar,  Yuan 

26.8567 

.900 

$0.4663 

n 

V2  Dollar 

13.4284 

.700 

.1813 

It 

Vs  Dollar 

5.3714 

.700 

.0725 

it 

1/10  Dollar 

2.6857 

.700 

.0363 

Colombia 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

.9733 

« 

Half  Peso 

12.5000 

.900 

.4866 

u 

Peseta  (20  Centavos) 

5.0000 

.900 

.1946 

it 

Real  (10  Centavos) 

2.5000 

.900 

.0973 

Costa  Rica 

50  Centimos 

10.0000 

.900 

.2326 

II  <1 

25  Centimos 

5.0000 

.900 

.1163 

it  li 

10  Centimos 

2.0000 

.900 

.0465 

it  II 

5 Centimos 

1.0000 

.900 

.0232 

Cuba 

Peso 

26.7295 

.900 

1.0000 

40'  Centavos 

10.0000 

.900 

.4000 

II 

20  Centavos 

5.0000 

.900 

.2000 

II 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.900 

.1000 

Ecuador 

Sucre 

25.0000 

.900 

.4867 

n 

V2  Sucre 

12.5000 

.900 

.2433 

n 

Peseta  (20  Cents) 

5.0000 

.900 

.0973 

a 

Real  (10  Cents) 

2.5000’ 

.900 

.0486 

a 

Medio  Real  ( 5 Cents) 

1.2500 

.900 

.0243 

Egypt 

20  Piastres 

28.0000 

.833  1/3 

.9886 

a 

10  Piastres 

14.0000 

.833  1/3 

.4943 

a 

5 Piastres 

7.0000 

.833  1/3 

.2472 

a 

2 Piastres 

2.8000 

.833  1/3 

.0989 

a 

1 Piastre 

1.4000 

.833  1/3 

.0494 

Finland 

2 Markkaa 

10.3658 

.868 

.3859 

n 

1 Markka 

5.1829 

.868 

.1930 

a 

50  Pennia 

2.5494 

.750 

.0965 

a 

25  Pennia 

1.2747 

.750 

.0482 

France 

5 Francs 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

u 

2 Francs 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

II 

1 Franc 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

It 

50  Centimes 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

it 

20  Centimes 

1.0000 

.835 

.0386 

Germany 

5 Marks 

27.7778 

.900 

1.1910 

u 

3 Marks 

16.6667 

.900 

.7146 

a 

2 Marks 

11.1111 

.900 

.4764 

ii 

1 Mark 

5.5556 

.900 

.2382 

a 

V2  Mark 

2.7778 

.900 

.1191 

Great  Britain 
and  Colonies 

Crown  5/ — 

28.2760 

.925 

1.2166 

a 

Double  Florin  4/ — 

22.620'8 

.925 

.9734 

a 

Half  Crown  2/6 

14.1380 

.500 

.6083 

Florin  2/ — 

11.3104 

.500 

.4867 

a 

Shilling 

5.6552 

.500 

.2433 

a 

Sixpence 

2.8276 

.500 

.1216 

n 

Fourpence  (Maundy) 

1.8851 

.925 

.0811 

a 

Threepence 

1.4138 

.500 

.0608 

n 

Twopence  (Maundy) 

.9425 

.925 

.0405 

a 

Penny  (Maundy) 

.4713 

.925 

.0202 

105 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  SILVER  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.  S. 

Greece 

5 Drachmae 

25.0000 

.900 

$0.9647 

!l 

2 Drachmae 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

It 

1 Drachma 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

it 

50  Lepta 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

It 

20  Lepta 

1.0000 

.835 

.0386 

Guatemala 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

.4340 

it 

50  Centavos 

12.5000 

.900 

.2170 

a 

25  Centavos 

6.2500 

.835 

.1007 

a 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.835 

.0403 

a 

5 Centavos 

1.2500 

.835 

.0201 

Haiti 

Gourde 

6.2500 

.835 

.2500 

a 

50  Centimes 

3.1250 

.835 

.1250 

Honduras 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

.4340 

u 

V2  Peso  (50  Centavos) 

12.5000 

.900 

.2170 

it 

Peseta  (25  Centavos) 

6.2500 

.835 

.1007 

a 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.835 

.0403 

it 

5 Centavos 

1.2500 

.835 

.0201 

Hungary 

5 Kronen 

24.0000 

.900 

1.0131 

n 

Florin 

12.3457 

.900 

.4052 

u 

2 Kronen 

10.0000 

.835 

.4052 

a 

1 Krone 

5.0000 

.835 

.2026 

a 

20  Kreutzers 

2.6666 

.500 

.0810 

u 

10  Kreutzers 

1.6666 

.400 

.0405 

Hongkong 

Mexican  Dollar 

27.0700 

.902  7/10 

.4714 

u 

British  Dollar 

26.9569 

.900 

.4680 

li 

50  Cents 

13.5769 

.800 

.2095 

a 

20  Cents 

5.4309 

.800 

.0838 

a 

10  Cents 

2.7151 

.800 

.0419 

u 

5 Cents 

1.3575 

.800 

.0210 

Italy 

5 Lire 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

a 

2 Lire 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

a 

1 Lira 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

a 

50  Centesimi 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

a 

20  Centesimi 

1.0000 

.835 

.0386 

Japan 

50  Sen 

10.1250 

.800 

.2492 

a 

20  Sen 

4.0500 

.800 

.0997 

a 

10  Sen 

2.2500 

.720 

.0498 

Liechtenstein 

5 Kronen 

24.0000 

.900 

1.0131 

a 

2 Kronen 

10.0000 

.835 

.4052 

a 

1 Krone 

5.0000 

.835 

.2026 

Mexico 

Peso 

27.0730 

*.903 

.4985 

n 

50  Centavos 

12.5000 

*.800 

.2492 

a 

20  Centavos 

5.0000 

*.800 

.0997 

a 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.800 

.0498 

Netherlands 

2V2  Florins  or  Gulden 

25.0000 

*.945 

1.0049 

u 

Florin  or  Guilder 

10.0000 

*.945 

.4019 

II 

V2  Florin 

5.0000 

*.945 

.2010 

II 

25  Cents 

3.5750 

.640 

.1005 

II 

10  Cents 

1.4000 

.640 

.0402 

* See  remarks  in  body  of  book  regarding  alterations  in  Fineness. 


106 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  SILVER  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.S. 

Newfoundland 

50  Cents 

11.6203 

.925 

$0.5000 

u 

25  Cents 

5.8101 

.925 

.2500 

it 

20  Cents 

4.6481 

.925 

.2000 

u 

10  Cents 

2.3241 

.925 

.1000 

a 

5 Cents 

1.1620 

.925 

.0500 

Nicaragua 

Cordoba 

25.0000 

.900 

1.0000 

« 

50  Centavos 

12.5000 

.800 

.5000 

u 

25  Centavos 

6.2500 

.800 

.2500 

a 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.800 

.1000 

Norway 

2 Kroner 

15.0000 

.800 

.5360 

u 

1 Krone 

7.5000 

.800 

.2680 

u 

50  Ore 

5.0000 

.600 

.1340 

u 

25  Ore 

2.4200 

.600 

.0670 

a 

10  ore 

1.4500 

.400 

.0268 

Panama 

Peso  (V2  Balboa) 

25.0000 

.900 

.5000 

a 

y2  Peso  (XA  Balboa) 

12.5000 

.900 

.2500 

a 

20  Centesimos 

5.0000' 

.900 

.1000 

a 

10  Centesimos 

2.5000 

.900 

.0500 

a 

5 Centesimos 

1.2500 

.900 

.0250 

Paraguay 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

.9648 

a 

50  Centavos 

12.5000 

.900 

.4824 

a 

20  Centavos 

5.0000 

.900 

.1929 

u 

10  Centavos 

2.5000 

.900 

.0964 

Persia 

5 Krans 

23.0150 

.900 

.3996 

u 

2 Krans 

9.2060 

.900 

.1598 

It 

1 Kran 

4.6030 

.900 

.0799 

a 

10  Shahis 

2.3015 

.900 

.0400 

a 

5 Shahis 

1.1507 

.900’ 

.0200 

a 

3 Shahis 

.6904 

.900 

.0120 

Peru 

Sol 

25.0000 

.900 

.4867 

u 

Sol 

12.5000 

.900 

.2433 

u 

Vb  Sol 

5.0000 

.900 

.0973 

a 

1/10  Sol  (Dinero) 

2.5000 

.900 

.0486 

a 

1/20  Sol  (l/2  Dinero) 

1.2500 

.900 

.0243 

Portugal 

1 Escudo  (1,000  Reis) 

25.0000 

.835 

1.0805 

a 

50  Centavos  (500  Reis) 

12.5000 

.835 

.5403 

it 

20  Centavos  (200  Reis) 

5.0000 

.835 

.2161 

it 

10  Centavos  (100  Reis) 

2.5000 

.835 

.1081 

Roumania 

5 Lei 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

a 

2 Lei 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

a 

1 Leu 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

u 

50  Bani 

2.5000 

.835 

. .0965 

Russia 

1 Rouble 

19.9957 

.900 

.5146 

a 

50  Kopeks 

9.9978 

.900 

.2573 

tt 

25  Kopeks 

4.9989 

.900 

.1286 

a 

20  Kopeks 

3.5992 

.500 

.1029 

u 

15  Kopeks 

2.6994 

.500 

.0772 

a 

10  Kopeks 

1.7996 

.500 

.0515 

a 

5 Kopeks 

.8998 

.500 

.0257 

107 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Weight,  Fineness,  etc.,  of  the  SILVER  Coins — (Continued) 


Country 

Denomination 

Weight 

Fineness 

Value 
in  U.  S. 

Salvador 

1 Colon  (8  Reales) 

25.0000 

.900 

$ .5000 

<< 

25  Cents  (2  Reales) 

6.2500 

.900 

.1250 

«< 

12 H Cents  (1  Real) 

3.1250 

.835 

.0503 

«< 

10  Cents 

2.5000 

.900 

.0500 

<< 

6*A  Cents  (l/2  Real) 

1.5625 

.835 

.0252 

tt 

5 Cents 

1.2500 

.900 

.0250 

a 

3 y8  Cents  (H  Real) 

.7813 

.835 

.0126 

Siam 

Tical 

15.0000 

.900 

.3708 

tt 

2 Salung  (V2  Tical) 

7.5000 

.800 

.1854 

ti 

1 Salung  (M;  Tical) 

3.7500 

.800 

.0927 

Spain 

5 Pesetas 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

<< 

2 Pesetas 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

« 

1 Peseta 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

n 

50*  Centimos 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

a 

20  Centimos 

1.0000 

.835 

.0386 

Straits 

Settlements 

1 Dollar 

16.8480 

.500 

.5678 

u 

50  Cents 

8.4240 

.500 

.2839 

a 

10  Cents 

2.1060 

.400 

.0567 

Sweden 

2 Kronor 

15.0000 

.800 

.5360 

tt 

1 Krone 

7.5000 

.800 

.2680 

a 

50  Ore 

5.0000 

.600 

.1340 

it 

25  Ore 

2.4200 

.600 

.0670 

a 

10  Ore 

1.4500 

.400 

.0268 

Switzerland 

5 Francs 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

a 

2 Francs 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

H 

1 Franc 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

a 

50  Centimes 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

Turkey 

20  Piastres 

(Medjidieh  d’Argent) 

24.0550 

.830 

.8793 

u 

10  Piastres 

12.0275 

.830 

.4396 

u 

5 Piastres 

6.0'137 

.830 

.2198 

a 

2 Piastres 

2.4055 

.830 

.0879 

u 

1 Piastre 

1.2027 

.830 

.0440 

u 

Vz  Piastre 

.6013 

.830 

.0220 

United  States 
and  Territories 

Dollar 

26.7301 

.900 

1.0000 

<i 

y2  Dollar 

12.5000 

.900 

.5000 

n 

U Dollar 

6.2500 

.900 

.2500 

a 

Dime  (10  Cents) 

2.5000 

.900 

.1000 

Uruguay 

Peso 

25.0000 

.900 

1.0342 

a 

50  Centesimos 

12.5000 

.900 

.5171 

u 

20  Centesimos 

5.0000 

.900 

.2068 

a 

10  Centesimos 

2.5000 

.900 

.1034 

Venezuela 

5 Bolivares 

25.0000 

.900 

.9647 

a 

2j/2  Bolivares 

12.5000 

.835 

.4824 

u 

2 Bolivares 

10.0000 

.835 

.3859 

u 

1 Bolivar 

5.0000 

.835 

.1930 

a 

% Bolivar 

2.5000 

.835 

.0965 

a 

*4  Bolivar 

1.2500 

.835 

.0482 

108 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


FINENESS  OF  GOLD  KARATS 

Also  Equivalent  of  Grains  in  Hundredths 
of  a Pennyweight 


Karat 

Fineness 

Karat 

Fineness 

Grains 

— 

Dwt. 

Grains 

= 

Dwt. 

54 

equals 

.0208 

i2y2 

equals 

.5208 

1 

it 

.0417 

13 

u 

.5417 

IV2 

a 

.0625 

i3y2 

it 

.5625 

2 

a 

.0833 

14 

u 

.5833 

2 y2 

a 

.1042 

14  y2 

a 

.6042 

3 

a 

.1250 

15 

u 

.6250 

3V2 

a 

.1458 

15  y2 

a 

.6458 

4 

a 

.1667 

16 

a 

.6667 

4 y2 

u 

.1875 

16  y2 

a 

.6875 

5 

a 

.2083 

17 

it 

.7083 

5 y2 

a 

.2292 

17% 

a 

.7292 

6 

a 

.2500 

18 

a 

.7500 

6V2 

u 

.2708 

i8y2 

a 

.7708 

7 

a 

.2917 

19 

a 

.7917 

7 y2 

a 

.3125 

19  y2 

a 

.8125 

8 

a 

.3333 

20 

a 

.8333 

8V2 

a 

.3542 

20  y2 

a 

.8542 

9 

a 

.3750 

21 

u 

.8750 

9V2 

a 

.3958 

21  y2 

a 

.8958 

10 

a 

.4167 

22 

a 

.9167 

ioy2 

a 

.4375 

22y2 

u 

.9375 

11 

a 

.4583 

23 

u 

.9583 

ny2 

a 

.4792 

23y2 

a 

.9792 

12 

a 

.5000 

24 

a 

1.000 

20  Dwt.  equals  1 oz. 


1 oz.  pure  gold  (24K)  equals  $20.68* 

1 Dwt.  gold  (24K)  or  1/20  of  20.68  equals  $1,034 
1 Dwt.  gold  (15K)  equals  15/24  x 1.034  which  equals  .64625. 


* Actually  20.67183. 


109 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


COMPARISON  OF  SYSTEMS  OF  WEIGHTS 


Avoirdupois 

1 lb.  = 16  ozs.  = 256  drams  = 7,000  grains 

1 oz.  = 16  = 437.5 

1 “ = 27.34375  “ 

Troy 

1 lb.  = 12  ozs.  = 240  dwts  = 5,760  grains 

1 oz.  = 20  “ = 480  “ 

1 “ = 24  • “ 

Metric 

1 kilogram  = 10  hectograms  = 100  decagrams  = 1,000  grams 
1 gram  = 10  decigrams  = 100  centigrams  = 1,000  milligrams 
Both  the  United  States  of  America  and  Great  Britain 
have  officially  adopted  the  following  equivalents: — 

1 kilogram  = 2 lbs.  8 ozs.  3 dwts  (Troy)  = 15,432  grains 

Equivalents 

1 gram  = 15.432  grains  = .03215  oz.  Troy 
= .03527  Avoirdupois 
1 grain  = .0648  gram 

1 oz.  Troy  = 31.104  “ 

1 oz.  Avoirdupois  = 28.35  “ 


UNITED  STATES  MINT  TESTS  FOR  GOLD 
AND  SILVER 

To  determine  whether  a coin  is  good  or  bad  use  below 
described  test.  Use  the  liquid  as  near  the  edge  as  possible,  or 
scrape  off  a trifle  of  the  metal  so  should  the  coin  be  plated  it 
can  be  discovered  in  that  manner.  A drop  of  acid  has  no  effect 
on  genuine  coins,  while  it  can  be  plainly  seen  on  counterfeits. 

Any  druggist  can  prepare  same  and  it  should  be  kept  in 
glass-stoppered  bottles  marked  “POISON.” 

Test  for  Gold 

Strong  Nitric  Acid,  621/2  Drachms 
Muriatic  Acid,  % Drachm  or  15  Drops 
Water,  5 Drachms. 

Test  for  Silver 

24  Grams  Nitrate  of  Silver 
30  Drops  Nitric  Acid 
1 Ounce  Water. 


110 


LIST  OF  THE  MORE  COMMON  BANK  AND  OTHER  NOTES  WHICH  ARE 

VALUELESS 


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o 


cO 

-Q 

3 

o 

CD 


00 
oS  <d 


3 O 

a4n 


G oS  ccS 

„ ^ "w 
00  G w 
O Q 

°o  ^ 

CD 

T2V 
T3 
cO 

^ 03 

’E 


aS 

go 

.|-H  Q. 

<D  ^ 
aS 

5?  | S<§  ® 

as  33  M ^ 
PQH<3 


<D  ^ *H 
^ pO  03 

3 

r>  co  a ° 
° CD  57  CO 
3vJD 


6? 


G 

3 

© 


cO 

G 


G .S 

<D  > 

bOGi 
5h  o 

<^PQ 


cz 

T3 

oS 

c3 

IS 

G 

oS 

G 

G 

• rH 

o 

03 

rG 

o 

O 

O 

O 

oS 

a 

3 

o 


111 


El  Banco  Espanol  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba 

France  Banque  de  Commerce  Fictitious  note. 

Great  Britain  Bank  of  Engraving  An  illegal  printing  of  ' an 

imitation  of  the  Bank  of 
England  Notes. 


List  of  the  more  common  Bank  and  other  Notes  which  are  valueless— (Continued) 


u 

7Z 

£ 

<D 

PS 


/ft 
~ OS 

00  .O 
‘pH 

a> 
> 


Ci 


Jh 

c3  co 


ft 
ft 

*'s 

co 

ft 


ft 

c3  CQ  CQ 
<D0) 
ft  ft 

CO  CO 
CO  CO 


& § s 

2>s 

3 O CQ 


“0.2 


2 So 

H 5 CO 
05  O Q) 
H wPh 


co  ci 


cO  > " 

;2  g 2 
>HO 


o 

o 

ft 

ca 

s 

<u 

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bo 

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ft 

^ ft 

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tt  ft 

CO  ft 
HH  W 


"ft 

Q) 

‘ca 

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ft 

ca 

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a) 

co 


o 

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-p 

ft 

<u 


ft 

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p< 


"ft 
ft  . 
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ft  ^ 

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ca  PL, 
bO^ 

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£5 

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CO 
ft  CO 

/ft  ft 
HO 


8 o 

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ft  ^ 
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a* 

4->  ft 

co  -+-> 

§ § 

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CO  4-a 
C 72 

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2 a3 

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ft 

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Ci 


ft 

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£ 

ft 


£ ^ ft  oo  2 

ft  ft  \ /II  fll 


O 


ft°  ft 

w ’£ 

. >-rt  s-l 

Si  s 

ST  co 

>s=^  -<  ca 
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._  © 2ft  <15  ^ 
^ ^ o ^ 

OD  ^+H  ^ 
ft  ft  £ 

"ft  ft^5  /ft  g 

oj  CO  O CO  C5 
o 0)  •=*  ™ w 


Cu  ^ .ZL  </-*  U 

S s fi  2 

r;  3 m 2 (D 

O M -P  CO  3 

ft  .2  .2  .2  o< 

/-N  rH 


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STs-Ss  § 


ft 

"ft 


"ft 

0) 


u 

"ft  © 
c3 


co  5 

2 <S 
S3  c/2 

CO  ^ 


l-slll  «l 


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bo 

ft 

s 

o 

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a) 


£ 

go  03 

^ ^ 

rft  O O f-J 

CQ  O O ^ 

*0  ^ S I? 
rr\  °3  c3  p_i 

^MPQ 

^S3 


ft 

m 

CD 

"ft 

la 

ft 

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03 


ft 

ft 

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/ft 

ft 

ft 

<D 

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CO 

ca 

Jh 

ft 

"ft  K. 
ft  /^ 
o ca 


tf 


ca 
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bo 
ca 

o 

ca  ft  -p 

O ?H 

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ft 

ca 

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o I 

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ft  Q 


ca 

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513 


112 


United  States  All  issues  before  1861 

All  Confederate  Notes 

Uruguay  El  Banco  de  Credito  Auxiliar  All  issues. 


TABLE  SHOWING  FLUCTUATIONS  IN  NEW  YORK  DEMAND  RATES  (AT  CLOSE) 

FOR  1921 


OOOOOWO 


UION  Xit-O-ClOO  0 0t'0U5[-U5ttu;0®t>00Vwv 
ciOH-jooiflS'Mo  ouo  oo  o - i—  i-w'riniccaoooi 

O'OOl-ON  vflprH  OMt'Hl-TMOnOO^OCOMHNONHHMt'TfM 
«£>  CO  O O O H O^o  HOOi-tOOt'OOIOOO'fOHWOONONHrlffiTf 


NUJNODWOvOSDW  OOU5NOONU5t*NO©lONOU50(Ot'HOOO 
«5  00rH  COOOCO«^COO>  OU3(OOBNNNMOntOinOOONeO(»MO 
WOOONOH  ©rH  (SNlflHNfflinHOO^OCCNONOlOHONWOM 
®NOOOH  OWHOOUJOOIOOO^OHMOOHOMHHWO 
© 2 " ■'I*  ' * ’ CO iH  ’ CO td 


O to  00  O O’  wq  l©  O w'j  i — i I.' J 

NWH05HM6SMW  r-  t-  ® 
®OOt-HH  i-t  OOfflHOO..,  — , , 
®«OOOH  frO©  HlOHOOt-OO 


MNrCTfinoOHWt'OinOWOOlOLOMO 
OOMNMfflN©NXOOOU5CiOMW 


_ - 

OOMWH050TfiOOO^NNOt'HHN©MW 
'tOO'tOHMOO'CONHHfflffl 


HLO'J<COlO!Mv0'X>t'  NOOOU'JOMONt’lflOOlOOOOMlOHCqM 
CO  CO  CO  rH  CO  rH  6<  CO  OOONC-t'U5t-i»'NCqOOMWOnO©ON©T<< 

CO  CO  © 00  pH  CO  mrH  HOl>N00OWHfflO©MOWT)'NOOHC0Mt'C>O 
O’  CO  O O O rH  s?0  HC'rlOOfflOO'tOO'tOHCOOOOONHHOlO 


^ co  co  oo  m © co  0 © co  ©ONWOinNcscqowt^ooiMOwMOeot' 
ft  'O'-fCoooco-ossico©  HNooNH©HTj<ooot"<fNOHO©u:c!©w 

CO  HHONHM  NHN»©MI^©©HHO'<fMOW©NOHrHMMt'WW 
. t’MOOOH^OH'tHOOOOOinoO'tOHMOOMOWnHffirH 

rfO © ‘ ’ -o*  ‘ ‘ oo rn'eo to 


Oh.®OoO-ONt-  WOt't'OOOHffilflOCqiCOMOOOlflCOON 
©oocoeoeoi©tocooo  co©occi>©i.omo^I'Ot)<ohococo©m® 

O’  CO  © O’  H rf  vHtrH  COOMN®HOHOO'l'(»©©’J<N©NHMMt'HU5 
rH'© 


O’  CO  O © O I-I 

o 


IOO05OOT}»OOTfOi 


COOOMONHHt-H 

co to 


O’  CO  CO  00  f-  CO  vO  l©  OS  ©0’©t'©N©HWin00O©ONO©U3©NO 

co  ©s  co  l©  cvi  ia  e^co  ij©  o-  oo  h co  l©  © o-  co  to  co  co  to  co  o »h  o co  co  os  to  © 

n-fOO-Hlfl  -j»rH  Tt<HO’Nt'000’Ht^OCO©0©Tt<NOOr,NM©t>© 
O’  CO  O o O rH  CO©  HlOHOOtOOO'tOO’tOHCOOOCCeNHHM' 
o’"  ‘ ‘ ‘ CO rH  * CO iri 


lOOtr  OinHKOCOM  lOOLCaiSr-OOONI.ONOWOH'OlCICOCCN 
NIOOCqNU5lOH©IMOlCiO’CH©MOO©©© 
OlOOl'HTt<HHHX©C3trCOr-H©OCO©OOOMNOHr-HCOW©00 
OOcOOOOHHOHlOHOOOOOO’fOOTfOHMOOOONHHt'O 
© TjJ‘‘‘cO rH  5* I© 


r 1©I©C<JO-CO©,OCO©  WOOHOONOOCOiattlOOOtrOH'ICCOCOlO 
0©NHhh(JnH©  L'JHMUJNcCOHH'trffiinH'OHONONHO 
J lOcoO^HTfilOrHCOid-OcOOCCl  O*  HOOCOOOOWnCOOOOnOCCW’tCO 
• t-MOOOHHOHHHOOOOOUSOO’fOHMOOOONHHt’t’ 
5 d Tt!  ’ * ‘ CO rH  * "H* I© 

£ U W 


OOlflMOOTi'OOOcoOOOlflONOOBOlOoOOONWOOOOHo 

H*H"NC0{0H<OcgOlO00C<:M©M00U3NC0!»M!50M©00©CC0Ccc«ITt‘M 

©cqo^©c<io©o©©©©©©cotoo©©©©ooco©©toa©Mci 

©-}'iNHHM©MHH<iMHHMHe<li}|(NHHlriCOH,OINOOHNHHOr, 


-v  tH 

s£ 

O d 

5k 

“"w  <u 

o ° 5 
am? 
<u  d.H 


d 


m 


o ” C 0)  -0’^orCrdJ«-4) 

d >h^  p%2p^  - ' 

■ ~3  2h?oh 


O 0) 


ci  £3  2 'd  33  ^"oCo^ 
^233? * " 


d «3  o 


etc, 

tSed3ejbS02(3qp^h!3S3pweJ»H 

c<d—  o^«o^5hO^®o^.S»- 

OuSk^WP’.fckffl 


o 

a 

<u 

bo 


M 

d 

> 

S o 


S-2 

3 fe-'O 


k. 


l««i|i§s8a»g>,§8y  ssaif 
3®B  2 § S2  §S  = 2 £ £ S|§3 SS||gl » J I 

<jpQmmcj>uuoAkkO0OKK£^H-.£fc£kkkw 


to 

qSb 

d to 


’Ills 


M 

E^ 


<o 

6 ^ 

JS  >,*3 

ft  rt  33 

s|B8 

d-r  33  £3 
ft  ^ ® 


113 


t These  rates  are  always  quoted  in  Units  per  Dollar  U.  S.  All  other  rates  are  in  Dollars  and  Cents  per  Unit, 
t These  quotations  are  for  Kronen — multiply  by  4 to  get  rate  per  Dinar. 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


ADDENDA. 


SARAWAK. 

The  currency  at  the  present  time  consists  mainly  of 
Straits  Settlements  notes  and  coins  although  there  is  a certain 
amount  of  old  Sarawak  silver  coin  in  circulation. 

The  10  Cents  S.  S.  notes  which  circulated  for  a time  are 
being  withdrawn. 

JEDDA. 

It  is  reported  that  the  new  Arab  Government  has  adopted 
the  Gold  Sovereign  (Pound  Sterling)  as  it's  monetary  base. 

Bank  Notes  of  all  sorts  are  in  circulation  but  subject  to 
a large  discount  varying  according  to  supply  and  demand. 

CYPRUS. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  Government  of  Cyprus  has  an- 
nounced that  it  has  been  decided  to  modify  the  monetary  sys- 
tem, with  effect  from  April  1st,  1922.  Instead  of  the  Pound 
being  divided  into  180  Piastres  as  at  present  it  will  then 
represent  1000  Milliemes.  The  copper  coins  of  %,  Vfc  and  1 
Piastre,  and  silver  3 Piastres  will  be  withdrawn  and  nickel 
coins  for  1,  2 and  5 Milliemes  issued. 

WAR  and  NECESSITY  MONEY. 

During  the  Great  War  1914-1918,  and  also  since  the 
Armistice,  most  European  countries  have  been  confronted  with 
difficulties  owing  to  a lack  of  small  coin  for  change.  To  sur- 
mount such  difficulty  enterprising  Banks  and  Manufacturers, 
etc.,  in  the  countries  concerned  introduced  “Encased  Postage 
Stamps.”  The  stamps  are  enclosed  in  a case  with  metal  back 
(usually  bearing  an  advertisement  of  the  issuing  firm)  and 
mica  face,  and  are  taken  in  exchange  at  their  face  value.  The 
idea  of  using  stamps  in  this  manner  is  an  old  one  and  dates 
back  to  the  time  of  the  Civil  War  1861-1865  when  such  stamps 


114 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


were  introduced  by  General  F.  E.  Spinner  who  was  at  that  time 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States.  France,  Belgium,  Italy,  Ger- 
many, Czecho-Slovakia,  Norway  and  Argentine  are  among  the 
countries  in  which  such  stamps  have  been  in  circulation. 

War  money  or  “Kriegsgeld”  has  been  issued  by  practically 
every  City  in  Germany.  This  money  consists  of  coins  of  Zinc, 
Iron,  and  other  base  metals  and  has  been  minted  in  all  denomi- 
nations, sizes  and  shapes.  For  remarks  regarding  “Porzel- 
langeld”  or  Porcelain  money  see  under  “Germany”,  page  71. 

Tokens  have  also  attained  considerable  usage  particularly 
in  the  Central  European  countries. 

COMMON  EXPRESSIONS  AND  “SLANG”  TERMS 

FOR  MONEY. 


United  States  of  America. 


Penny 

1 Cent 

Nickel 

5 Cents 

Shilling 

12  y%  Cents 

Two  Bits 

25  Cents 

Quarter 

25  Cents 

Great 

Britain. 

Sou 

y2d. 

Stiver 

Id. 

Tanner 

6d. 

Bob 

1/— 

Half  Dollar 

2/6 

Dollar 

5/— 

Half  Quid 

10/— 

Quid 

£1.  0.  0 

Guinea 

£1.  1.  0 

Fiver 

£5.  0.  0 

Tenner 

£10.  0.  0 

Pony 

£25.  0-  0 

India. 

Chip 

Rupee  1 

Paissa 

Money 

115 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


South  Africa. 


Tikkie 

Dollar 


3d. 

1/6 


Netherlands, 


Stuiver 

Dubbeltje 

Kwartje 

Rijksdaaler 


5 Cents 
10  Cents 
25  Cents 
2i/2  Florins 


Netherlands  East  Indies, 


Tientje 


10  Cents 


TANGANYIKA  TERRITORY 


It  has  now  been  arranged  that  the  currency  of  this  Colony, 
together  with  that  of  Kenia  Colony  and  Uganda  will  in  future 
be  under  the  control  of  a Board  to  be  called  The  East  African 
Currency  Board. 

It  was  at  first  decided  to  make  an  East  African  Florin 
(value  2/ — ) the  standard  coin  but  before  these  coins  were 
issued  a further  alteration  was  decided  upon  and  the  standard 
coin  will  ultimately  be  a One  Shilling  piece.  Pending  the  mint- 
ing of  the  new  Shilling  Coinage  the  Florin  remains  the 
standard  coin.  In  Tanganyika  Territory  itself  some  of  the  old 
German  East  African  Rupees  are  still  being  used — they  are 
reckoned  as  equivalent  to  the  Florin. 

It  is  proposed  that  all  accounts  be  kept  in  shillings 
and  cents  and  that  the  following  coins  be  issued  as  soon  as 
possible : — 


CHILE. 

In  addition  to  the  coins  shown  in  the  body  of  the  book  the 
following  are  in  circulation : — 

Nickel  Centavos  5,  10  and  20 


Silver. 


Nickel. 

10  Cents 
5 Cents 
1 Cent 


One  Shilling 
50  Cents 
25  Cents 


116 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


CONTENTS 


A 

Abadan  55 

Abbassi  55 

Aboudjidid  8 

Abyssinia  8 

Acores  (see  Azores,  page  9) 

Account  Money  43,  44,  55 

Aden  43 

Afghanistan  43 

Africa  * 8 et  seq. 

“ British  East . . . 10 

“ “ South  10 

“ “ west 10 

“ French  Equatorial  13  et  seq. 

“ German  East  . . . 15 

“ Portuguese  East  18 

" Union  of  South  20 

Ahwaz  55 

Aland  Islands  65 

Alaska  25 

Albania  65 

Algeria  9 

Alsace-Lorraine  65 

Amarah  54 

America  22  et  seq. 

“ Central  22 

“ North  25 

“ South  36 

“ United  States  of 5 

Amoy  46 

Angola  9 

Annam  (see  Indo-China,  page  52) 

Antigua  30,  31 

Arabia  43 

Argentina  36 

Armenia,  Republic  of 57 

Ashanti  9 

Asia  43 

“ Central  57 

“ Minor  57 

Assam  44 

Australasia 60 

Australia  60 

Austria  65 


117 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Aversion  to  Paper  currency  and  certain  coins 8,  44 

Avoirdupois  weight  110 

Azerbaijan  58 

Azores  9 

B 

Bad  Piastre 43 

Baghdad  54 

Bahamas  30 

Bahrein  Islands 44 

Balearic  Islands  (see  Majorca,  page  80) 

Baluchistan  44 

Bank  and  others  notes;  worthless Ill,  112 

Bank  of  Nassau  30 

Barbados  30 

Barter  11,  14,  15,  44 

Basrah  54 

Basutoland  9 

Baule,  The  43 

Bechuanaland 9 

Beira  10 

Beirut 58 

Belgian  Congo  10 

Belgium  66,  78 

Bender  Abbas  (see  Bunder  Abbas,  page  44) 

Bermuda  25 

Bessarabia  66 

Bohemia  66 

Bokhara  57 

Bolivia  36 

Bombay  50 

Bonds  used  as  currency  80 

Bonduku  14 

Bons  de  Caisse  80 

Borneo,  British  North 61 

“ Dutch  61 

Bosnia  66 

Bourbon  States  77 

Brass,  etc.,  Tokens 11,  14 

Brazil  37 

British  East  Africa  10 

“ “ Indies  50 

“ Guiana  37 

“ Honduras  22 

“ India  50 

“ Mandated  Zone  of  Togoland 19 

“ North  Borneo  61 

“ Solomon  Islands  64 

“ Somaliland  10 

“ South  Ajfrica  10 

“ West  “ 10 

“ “ Indies  30,  31,  32 


118 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Buenos  Aires  30 

Bukowina  00 

Bulgaria  67,  68 

Bunder  Abbas  44f  55 

Burmah  45 

Bushire  45,  55 

Bussorah  (see  Basrah,  page  54) 

C 

Caches  54 

Caisse  de  Prets ’ * 33 

Calcutta  . .*5*0,  60 

Cambodia  45 

Cameroons  ’ ’ 44 

Canada  [ 25 

Canary  Islands  44 

Candareen  47 

Canton  40 

Cape  Colony 44 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 44 

Cape  Verde  Islands 44 

Camiola  07 

Carolus  Dollar 47 

Cartridges  as  currency 8 

Cash  45,  50,  53 

Catty  46 

Cawnpore  54 

Central  America  22 

“ Asia  57 

Certificates  of  Deposit  6,  7 

Ceylon  45 

Chad  Territory  14 

Channel  Islands  67 

Chatham  Island  61 

Chefoo  46 

Chiangtieh  54 

Chichien  53 

Chile  38 

China  45 

Chinese  Currency  Commission  49 

Dollars  47,  53 

“ Turkestan  (see  Bokhara  and  Khiva,  page  57) 

Chinkiang  46 

Coast,  French  Ivory 13,  14 

“ Gold  * 15 

“ Malabar  53 

Cochin-China  49 

Cocos-Keeling  Islands  49 

Coins  forbidden  in  certain  countries.  12,  14,  33,  79 

Colombia  38 


119 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Colony,  Cape  11 

“ Kenia  15,  19 

“ Orange  River  17 

Comino  (see  Malta,  page  81) 

Commodity  Tael  47 

Compania  do  Mocambique 18 

Comparison  of  Systems  of  Weights 110 

Conakry  13 

Congo  Beige  (see  Belgian  Congo,  page  10) 

Cook  Islands  61 

Corea  49 

Corfu  (see  Greece,  page  74) 

Costa  Rica  22 

Cotton  cloth  as  currency 8,  15 

Cowrie  Shells  11,  12,  14,  15 

Crete  68 

Croatia  / 68 

Crown  Agent  for  the  Colonies 56,  57 

Cuba  33 

Curacao  38 

Currency  Board,  West  African 10,  19 

Customs  Tael  46,  47 

Cyprus  68 

Czar  Roubles  58,  80,  85 

Czecho-Slovakia  68 


D 


Dahomey  11,  13 

Dakar  13 

Danish  West  Indian  Dollar 35 

“ “ Indies  35 

Danzig  69 

Dar-es-Salaam  (see  Tanganyika  Territory,  page  19) 

Darlehenskassenscheine  71,  88 

Demand  Rates  in  New  York 113 

“ Treasury  Notes  7 

Demerara  (see  British  Guiana,  page  37) 

Denmark  69,  86 

Deutschoesterreichische  Kronen  65,  66 

Devanis  . . 43 

Dictionary  of  Coins  and  Monies  of  the  World 92 

Djeddah  (see  Jedda,  page  43) 

Dohezari  55 

Dollar,  Carolus  47 

“ Chinese  47,  53 

“ British  Guiana 37 

“ West  Indian 30  et  seq. 


u 


u 

(« 


Danish  “ 
Hong  Kong  . . 
Italian  Trade 
Maria  Theresa 


35 

47,  53,  64 

13 

8,  11,  13,  14,  43,  44,  50 


120 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Dollar  Menelik  g 

“ Mexican  47*  *5*3,  64 

“ Peiyang  < 48 

“ Straits  47 

“ Trade  (American)  5,  6,  47 

“ Tong  Chai  Yao 48 

“ Yuan  Shih  K’ai 48 

Dominica  31 

Dominican  Republic  33 

Dominion  of  Canada 25 

Dubbeltje  82 

Dutch  Borneo  „ 61 

“ East  Indies  61 

“ Guiana  39 

Duty  levied  on  imports  of  Foreign  Money 12 

Dwts  and  Grains,  Equivalents  of 109 


E 


East  Africa,  British 10 

“ “ German  15 

“ “ Portuguese  18 

“ Indies,  British  50 

“ “ Dutch  61 

Ecuador  39 

Egypt  12 

Ellice  Island  61 

England  73 

Equatorial  Africa,  French 13  et  seq. 

Equivalents  adopted  by  U.  S.  A.  and  Great  Britain 110 

of  Grains  and  Dwts 109 

“ of  Karats  and  Fineness 109 

Eritrea  ,, 12 

Esthonia  70 

Etieh  54 

Europe  65  et  seq. 


F 


Falkland  Islands  39 

Faloussisorkha  57 

Fanons  51 

Federal  Reserve  Notes 6,  33 

“ “ Bank  Notes  7,  33 

Federated  Malay  States 49 

Fernando  Po  13 

Fiji  62 

Fine  Silver 46 

Fineness  of  Gold  Karats  109 

Fineness  and  Weights  of  Gold  Coins 100  et  seq. 

“ “ “ “Silver  “ 104  et  seq. 


121 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Finland  

Fluctuations  in  New  York  Demand  Rates. 

Foochow  * 

Foreign  Coins  legal  tender 22, 

Fractional  Currency,  U.  S 

France  

French  African  Colonies 

“ Equatorial  Africa  

“ Guiana  

“ Guinea  

“ Ivory  Coast  

“ India  

“ Indo-China  

“ Mandated  Zone  of  Togoland 

“ Somaliland  


70,  78 

113 

46 

24,  27,  28,  33,  36,  38,  40,  42 

7 

70,  78 

13  et  seq. 

13  et  seq. 

39 

13,  14 

13,  14 

51 

52 

19 

14 


G 


Galicia  71 

Gambia  15 

Gaz  44 

Georgia  58 

German  East  Africa 15 

“ Bonds  part  guarantee  for  Turkish  Note  issue 88 

Germany  71 

Gibraltar  72 

Goa  (see  Portuguese  India,  page  51) 

Gold  Certificates  of  Deposit 7 

“ Coast  • 15 

“ Exchange  Standard  91 

“ Standard  90 

“ Test 110 

“ Tokens  11 

Gourdes  34 

Gozo  (see  Malta,  page  81) 

Grains  and  Dwts.,  Equivalents  of 109 

Grand  Bassam  13 

Great  Britain,  U.  K.  of,  and  Ireland 72,  87 

Greece  74 

Greenbacks  7 

Greenland  . 75 

Grenada  31 

Gr^nlandske  Handel  75 

Guadeloupe  33 

Guam  62 

Guatemala  23 

Guerche  8 

Guernsey,  C.  1 67 

Guiana,  British  37 

“ Dutch  39 

“ French  39 

Guinea,  French  13,  14 


122 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


H 

HacLhramaut  44 

Haikwan  Tael  ’4*6  47 

Haiti  ’ 34 

Hamadan  * ’ 55 

Hankow  ’ 40 

Haraf  * 44 

Hawaii  ’ 02 

Heads  12 

Hejaz  43 

Heligoland  75 

Henjam  ' * 50 

Herzegovina  * 75 

Holland  (see  Netherlands,  page  82) 

Honduras,  British 22 

“ Republic  of  .. 23 

Hong  Kong  1 . . 50 

“ “ Dollar  47,  53,  64 

Honolulu  02 

Hungarian  P.  O.  Savings  Bank  Notes 75 

Hungary  75 

I 

Iceland  70 

Imperial  Roubles  58,  80,  85 

Imperio  Notes  37 

Inconvertible  Paper  Standard 91 

India,  British  50 

“ French 51 

“ Portuguese  51 

Indies,  British  East 50 

“ “ West  30,  31,  32 

“ Dutch  East  61 

“ “ West  (see  Curacao  and  Dutch  Guiana,  pages  38  & 39) 

Indo-China  52 

Infalsificables  29 

Ionian  Islands  76 

Ireland  74 

Isabelino  87 

Isle  of  Man 73 

Isle  of  Pines 34 

Italian  Trade  Dollar  13 

“ States  76 

Italy  76,  78 

Iturbide  28 

Ivory  Coast,  French 13,  14 

J 

Jamaica . 31 

Japan  52 

Java  62 

123 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Jedda  43 

Jersey,  C.  I 67 

Jose  Marti  33 

Jugo-Slavia  77 

K 

Kameruns  (see  Cameroons,  page  11) 

Karachi  51 

Karats  and  Fineness,  Equivalents ; 109 

Karsh  44 

Kenia  Colony  15,  19 

Kermanshah  55 

Khamsie  44 

Khiva  57 

Kiaochow  46 

Kingdom  of  the  Serbs,  Croats  and  Slovenes  (see  Jugo-Slavia,  p.  77) 

Kishm  Island  (Hen jam) 50 

Kong  14 

Kookaburra,  The 60 

Korea  (see  Corea,  page  49) 

Kuantieh  54 

Kuping  Tael  47 

Kut-el-Amarah  54 

Kwartje  82 

L 

Labuan  62 

Laccadive  Islands  53 

Lagos  (see  British  West  Africa,  page  10  ) 

Lahore  51 

Latin  Monetary  Union  78 

Latvija  79 

Leeward  Islands  32 

Legal  Tender  Notes 6 

Lettland  (see  Latvija,  page  79) 

Liang  60 

Liberia  46 

Liechtenstein  15 

Lithuania  79 

Lome  80 

London  20 

Lorraine  (see  Alsace-Lorraine,  page  65) 

Lourenco  Marques  16 

Lucca,  Ex-Duchy  of 77 

Luxembourg  80 

M 

Mace  47 

Madagascar  16 

Madeira 16 

124 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Madras  50 

Magyarorszag  Notes  75 

Majorca  80 

Malabar  Coast  53 

Malay  States  49 

Maidive  Islands  53 

Mallorca  (see  Majorca,  page  80) 

Malta  81 

Manchuria  53 

Mandated  Zones  of  Togoland 19 

Manille  14 

Maria  Theresa  Dollar 8,  11,  13,  14,  43,  44,  50 

Marseilles  71 

Marti,  Jose 33 

Martinique  35 

Mauretania  16 

Mauritius  16 

Maximilian  Silver  Coins 28 

Mecca  43 

Medina  43 

Mehalek  8 

Menelik  Dollar  8 

Mesopotamia  54 

Metric  system  of  coinage  for  Great  Britain 73 

Metric  weight  110 

Mexico  28 

Mexican  Dollar  6,  43,  47,  53,  64 

Miquelon,  St.  Pierre  et 30 

Mint  tests  for  Gold  and  Silver 110 

Mohammerah  55 

Monaco  81 

Monetary  Union,  Latin 78 

“ “ Scandinavian  86 

Monetary  Units  of  principal  countries  in  the  World 90,  91 

Money  of  Account  43,  44,  55 

Montenegro  81 

Montserrat  31 

Mosul  54 

Morocco  17. 

Mozambique  17 

Mozambique  Company  18 

Muscat  43 

Mushtini  80 

Muttra  (see  Muscat,  page  43) 


N 


Nankin  46 

Nasiriyeh  54 

Natal  1^ 

National  Bank  Notes  6,  33 

Natives’  aversion  to  certain  currencies 8,  44 


125 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Negri  Sembilan « 54 

Netherlands  82 

Nevis  32 

Newfoundland  29 

New  Hebrides  62 

New  South  Wales  (see  Australia,  page  60) 

New  York  Demand  Rates 113 

New  Zealand  62 

Nicobar  Islands  % 54 

Nicaragua  24 

Nigeria  17 

Ningpo  46 

Niuchwang  46 

North  America  25 

North  Borneo,  British » 61 

Norway  82,  86,  87 

Nyassaland 17 

Nzi-Komoe  14 


O 

Oceania  60 

Okiya  44 

Old  Silver  , 46 

Oman  (see  Muscat,  page  43) 

Orange  Free  State 17 

Orange  River  Colony 17 

Orkney  Islands  83 

Ostmark  80 


P 

Palestine  (see  Syria,  page  58) 

Pahang  54 

Panama  24 

Papal  States  77 

Paper  Standard  91 

Paraguay  40 

Peiyang  Dollar  48 

Peking  46 

Penrhyn  Island  63 

Penzhezari  55 

Perak  * 54 

Perim  54 

Persia  55 

Peru  40 

Peso  Fuerte  42 

“ Macquina  42 

Petrograd  85 

Philippine  Islands  : . . . : : 63 

Pilgrim  Ports  43 

Poland  : 83 

Pondichery  55 


126 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Porcelain  coins  72 

Port  of  Spain  32 

Porto  Novo  ,. 13 

Porto  Rico  35 

Portugal  83 

Portuguese  East  Africa  18 

“ India  51 

Powder  as  currency 15 

Prague  69 

Prince  Edward  Island  (see  Canada,  page  25) 

Pul  55 

Q 

Queensland  (see  Australia,  page  60) 

Quintos  41 

R 

Rangoon  51 

Reichskassenscheine  72 

Republica  Dominicana 33 

Republique  d’Haiti  34 

Rezin  43 

Rhodesia  18 

Rijksdaaler  82 

Rio  de  Oro 18 

Rio  Muni  18 

Romanoff  Roubles  58,  80,  85 

Roseau  (see  Dominica,  page  31) 

Roubles,  Azerbaijan  * 58 

“ Bolsheviki  85 

“ Czar,  Imperial  or  Romanoff 58,  80,  85 

“ Don  58 

“ Georgian  * 58 

“ Kerensky  58,  85 

“ Lettish 79 

“ Transcaucasian  58 

Roumania  78,  84 

Royal  Greenland  Board  of  Trade 75 

Rupia  51 

Russia  85,  87 

S 

St.  Croix  35 

St.  Helena  18 

St.  Kitts  32 

St.  Lucia  32 

St.  Pierre  et  Miquelon 30 

St.  Thomas  35 

St.  Vincent  (see  British  West  Indies,  General,  page  32) 

SaWador  24 


127 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Salt  as  currency 8,  15 

Samoa  63 

San  Domingo  33 

San  Marino  76,  85 

San  Thome  18 

Sapeque  52 

Sarawak  64 

Scandinavian  Monetary  Union  86 

Scilly  Isles  86 

Scotland  74 

Seguela  14 

Selangor  56 

Senegal  13,  18 

Servia  78,  86 

Shanghai  Tael  46 

Shetland  Isles  86 

Shoes  or  Sycee  46,  53 

Siam  56 

Sicily  86 

Sierra  Leone  14,  19 

Signs  and  abbreviations 92  et  seq. 

Silesia  86 

Silver  Certificates  of  Deposit 6 

“ Fine  46 

“ Old  46 

“ Standard  91 

“ Test  110 

“ Trade  46 

Slavonia  86 

Solomon  Islands  64 

Somaliland,  British  10 

“ French  14 

Sombe  14 

Sou  Marque  Blanc 39,  40 

Soudan  (see  Egypt,  page  12) 

South  Africa,  British  10 

“ “ Union  of  20 

South  African  Republic  20 

South  America  36 

Spain  78,  86 

Specie  Daler  83 

Spitzbergen  87 

Stamma  8 

Steamer  Point  (Aden) 43 

Straits  Dollar  47 

Straits  Settlements  56 

String  12,  45 

Strong  Money  9 

Stuiver  82 

Sumatra  64 

Surinam  39 

Swatow  46 


128 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Swazieland  19 

Sweden  86,  87 

Switzerland  78,  88 

Sycee  46,  53 

Syria  58 

Systems  of  weights,  Comparison  of 110 

T 

Taels  46 

Takow  46 

Tanganyika  Territory  19 

Tari  81 

Tasmania  64 

Tekrit  54 

Tembi  55 

Tests  for  Gold  and  Silver 110 

Tiao  45 

Tientsin  46 

Tila  57 

Timor  64 

Tobago  32 

Togoland  19 

Tokens,  Gold,  Brass,  etc 11,  14 

Tong  Chai  Yao  Dollar 48 

Toumoun  8 

Trade  Dollar  5,  6 

Trade  Silver  46 

Transcaucasia  58,  59 

Transvaal  20 

Transylvania  88 

Treasury  Notes  7 

“ Tael  47 

Trinidad  32 

Tripoli  20 

Troy  weight  110 

Tungyuan  53 

Tungyuanpiao  54 

Tunis  20 

Turkey  88 


U 


Uganda  (see  British  East  Africa,  page  10) 

Umba  Dollar  43 

Union,  Latin  Monetary  78 

“ Scandinavian  Monetary  86 

“ of  South  Africa 20 

United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 72 

“ States  of  America 5 

“ Notes  6,  33 

Units  of  the  principal  countries  in  the  world 90,  91 

Uruguay  41 


129 


FOREIGN  CURRENCY  AND  EXCHANGE  GUIDE 


Y 

V alachia  84 

Venezuela  41,  78 

Virgin  Islands  of  Great  Britain  (see  British  West  Indies,  page  30) 

“ “ United  States  35 

Victoria  (see  Australia,  page  60) 


W 


Wales  73 

Weak  Money  9 

Weights,  comparison  of  systems 110 

Weights  and  Fineness  of  Gold  coins 100  et  seq. 

“ “ Silver  “ 104  et  seq. 


West  Africa,  British  10 

West  African  Currency  Board 10,  19 

West  Indian  Dollar  30  et  seq. 

Groat  37 

West  Indies,  British 30 

“ “ Danish  35 

“ “ Dutch  (see  Curacao  and  Dutch  Guiana,  pages  38  & 39) 

“ Miscellaneous  33  et  seq. 

Windward  Islands  (see  West  Indies,  page  30  et  seq.) 

Worthless  Notes,  Canadian ~ 26 

“ “ Sundry  Ill,  112 


Y 

Yakmire  57 

Yangchien  , 53 

Yangchienpiao  54 

Yinpiao  54 

Yinting  53 

Yinyuan  53 

Yuan  Shih  K’ai  Dollar 48 

Yun  Nan  Province  48 

Z 

Zanzibar  21 

Zilverbons  82 

Zululand  21 


130 


RARE  COINS 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES 


.. 

Our  New  (3rd)  Edition  has  been  com- 
pletely revised  and  enlarged.  Contains  about 
120  pages  with  over  250  illustrations  of  the 
scarcer  or  more  important  varieties,  and 
gives  the  premium  on  more  than  1,000  Coins 
of  the  UNITED  STATES  of  AMERICA. 


Published  by 

GUTTAG  BROS. 

V 

Numismatists 
New  York,  U.  S.  A. 


Guttag  Bros. 

NEW  YOKK 
U.  S.  A. 

Brokers  in  Foreign  Exchange. 

Cable  Remittances  to  all  parts  of  the  World. 
Drafts  issued  at  Current  Rates  of  Exchange. 
Foreign  Monies  and  Exchange  Bought  and  Sold. 


Bullion  and  Specie. 


Universal  Collections. 


Letters  of  Credit- 


Travellers'  Checks. 


Liberty  Bonds. 
Foreign  Bonds. 


Coupons  Collected  and  Bought. 


United  States  Rare  Coins 
Bought  and  Sold. 


Correspondence  Invited. 


\ 


